Detection ofTrichomonas vaginalis in endocervical and ectocervical smears

Herzberg, Arlene J.; Silverman, Jan F.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199604)14:3<273::aid-dc15>3.0.co;2-i

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…36,37 Identification can be hindered by the infrequent visualization of the organism's more specific morphological features such as its nucleus, chromatinic granules, and flagella. 31,38 Not infrequently, fragments of cytoplasm, bare nuclei, and mucus blobs can be confused with T. vaginalis in the CPSs, probably resulting in the poor specificity that has been reported in some studies. 11,12,39 For…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis in liquid-based Pap tests: Morphological characteristics

et al. 2005

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We investigated the morphological features of Trichomonas vaginalis in liquid-based Papanicolaou (Pap) (LBP) tests, in order to assess the impact of this new slide preparation system on recognition of T. vaginalis organisms. We reviewed 88 LBP test slides previously interpreted as showing T. vaginalis and assessed morphological characteristics of the organisms and the presence of secondary features. Eighty-six of 88 slides showed, at least focally, organisms with cytoplasmic granules, nuclei, and flagella allowing for confident recognition of T. vaginalis. Compared with 58 controls, cases of T. vaginalis were more likely to have squamous cells with perinuclear halos, "ghost cells," and coccobacilli. The lack of a "dirty" background or cytolysis allowed a more straightforward identification of the organisms. We concluded that T. vaginalis organisms are morphologically distinct in LBP tests, which may lead to an increased specificity when they are identified in such tests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis in liquid-based Pap tests: Morphological characteristics

et al. 2005

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“…38 In one study, endocervical smears were less sensitive than ectocervical smears, leading the authors to suggest that the ectocervical smear may have greater utility for detecting T vaginalis on Pap smear. 39 Depending on the prevalence of T vaginalis in a population, almost one third of women with Pap smears positive for trichomoniasis receive unnecessary therapy. 40 In a meta-analysis of the performance of Pap smear compared to wet mount preparation for the diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis, a three tiered approach for the interpretation of a positive Pap smear was proposed.…”

Section: Direct Visualisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomoniasis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management

Swygard

Seña

Hobbs

et al. 2004

Sexually Transmitted Infections

188

145

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“…Trichomoniasis in pregnant women can cause premature rupture of the membranes and preterm delivery. [ 28 ] Vagina and cervix are typically congested and may show punctuate hemorrhagic spots due to surface ulceration of squamous mucosal epithelium. This gives rise to the classical appearance known as the “strawberry” cervix or vagina.…”

Section: Trichomonas Vaginalis (Tv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pap smear in inflammation and repair

Kamal¹

2022

Cytojournal

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Cytology of the uterine cervix is one of the most widely utilized tests and is best known primarily for the cytologic changes seen in precancerous lesions and invasive cancer of the uterine cervix. The more common inflammatory conditions of cervicitis and vaginitis are close clinical differentials, especially when they give rise to excessive blood-stained vaginal discharge. These infective conditions also result in variation in the appearance of otherwise benign squamous and glandular cells in cervical cytology specimens. A variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions are responsible for the conversion of polymicrobial flora of the vagina to a monomicrobial one. The latter may overgrow the others and result in inflammation of the cervix and the vagina. Chronic irritation of the cervix due to intrauterine devices, chemical irritants, inflammation/infection, endocrine changes, and reparative changes can lead to worrisome parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, and squamous metaplasia of non-keratinized squamous mucosa of the cervix and the vagina and may mimic HPV-related changes. Although some benign changes are specific for certain infections, for example, Trichomonas infestation, most of the reactive and hyperplastic cell morphology are important to recognize only due to the significant morphologic overlap with neoplastic changes in cytology specimens. Identification of different pathogens specifically may not be relevant from a clinical point of view, but is undoubtedly a cytologists’ privilege to inform the clinician! This chapter describes in detail the cytoplasmic and nuclear reactive changes that are found in specific and non-specific inflammatory conditions. In addition, diagnostic pitfalls are emphasized where necessary.

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Detection ofTrichomonas vaginalis in endocervical and ectocervical smears

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

The diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis in liquid-based Pap tests: Morphological characteristics

The diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis in liquid-based Pap tests: Morphological characteristics

Trichomoniasis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management

The Pap smear in inflammation and repair

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