Detection of β-Lactamase–Producing Proteus mirabilis Strains of Animal Origin in Andhra Pradesh, India and Their Genetic Diversity

Abstract

Proteus mirabilis is abundantly found in soil and water, and although it is part of the normal human intestinal flora, it has been known to cause serious infections in humans and a common pathogen responsible for complicated urinary tract infections. It is also commonly associated with multidrug resistance. In the current study, analysis of 1093 different samples from foods of animal origin and intestinal samples confirmed 232 P. mirabilis isolates by PCR. Of the 232, 72 isolates exhibited β-lactamase production both by phenotypic and genotypic methods with highest occurrence in poultry cloacal swabs (11.82%) followed by mutton (9.18%), khoa (6.32%), pork (5.63%), pig rectal swabs (5.52%), beef (5.45%) and chicken (5.13%) but none from sheep rectal and bovine rectal swabs. Among β-lactamase genes, bla TEM was the predominant gene detected (59) followed by bla OXA (11), bla SHV­ (5), bla FOX (5), bla CIT (4), bla CTX-M1 and bla CTX-M9 (2 each) and bla CTX-M2 , bla DHA and bla EBC (1 each). None of the isolates were carrying bla ACC, bla MOX and carbapenamase genes ( bla VIM , bla IMP , bla KPC and bla NDM-1 ). Dendrogram analysis of ERIC and REP-PCR fingerprints of β-lactamase producing P. mirabilis isolates differentiated 63 strains whereas 9 isolates did not yield any bands. The present study revealed that 6.58% of the samples showed presence β-lactamase producing P. mirabilis isolates that may play a role in food safety and contamination of the environment. Further genotyping methods expressed the genetic relationship between isolates of different origin. The study emphasizes the judicious use of antibiotics inorder to control the spread of β-lactamase producing bacteria.

Distribution and Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistant Pathogens in a Pig Farm, Slaughterhouse, Meat Processing Plant, and in Retail Stores

“…This can be a drawback of the current study. A recent study showed that 5.63% pork samples were contaminated with P. mirabilis producing β-lactamase [35]. However, all P. mirabilis isolated in the study were susceptible to β-lactams.…”

Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Enrichment on the Chemical Composition and the Pathogenic Microbiota of Ovine Milk

“…The species isolated in the second sampling are generally less virulent and less pathogenic for the udder, except, of course, for the Staphylococcus aureus and the Staphylococcus haemolyticus , which are involved in the pathogenesis of mastitis. Streptococcus parasanguinus is rarely pathogenic for the udder and the same holds true for Streptococcus pluranimalium [ 79 ] and for Proteus mirabilis , which is known to cause cystitis and pyelonephritis and is present in soil and water [ 80 ]. Veillonella parvula is not able to ferment carbohydrates and lives on the lactate produced by Streptococci [ 81 , 82 ], so it is reasonable to assume that this bacterium was rather isolated due to the isolation of the aforementioned Streptococci.…”

Molecular Characterizations and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Extended-Spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Proteus spp. Clinical Isolates in Babol, Northern Iran

“…isolates harbored the blaTEM gene [21]. In India, the blaTEM rate among P. mirabilis isolates was 81.9% [22], while in Egypt, it was 35% [23]. In Tehran, Iran, Malekjamshidi et al (2010) estimated blaTEM prevalence at 83% among ESBL-positive specimens [24].…”

“…In a study by Hamid et al, no P. mirabilis isolates in Iraq had blaSHV [19]. In India, the blaSHV prevalence among P. mirabilis isolates was 7% [22]. In Tehran, Iran, the prevalence of blaSHV prevalence was 8% in ESBL-positive P. mirabilis isolates [24] The correlation between blaTEM and blaSHV gene and resistance to some antibiotics showed a significant correlation.…”