Detection of Zika Virus Infection in Myanmar

Tun, Mya Myat Ngwe; Kyaw, Aung Kyaw; Hmone, Saw Wut; Inoue, Satoshi; Buerano, Corazon C.; Soe, Aung Min; Moi, Meng Ling; Hayasaka, Daisuke; Thu, Hlaing Myat; Hasebe, Futoshi; Thant, Kyaw Zin; Morita, Kouichi

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0708

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Zika virus is known to be widely distributed across Southeast Asia, with reports of recent infections in Southeast Asian countries including Thailand 25 , Vietnam 26 and Myanmar 27 , but there have been no large scale outbreaks of ZIKF. This situation is in stark contrast to other countries, where the introduction of ZIKV was followed by large epidemic outbreaks 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High correlation between Zika virus NS1 antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in selected serum samples from normal healthy Thais

Sornjai

Ramphan

Wikan

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Despite the widespread presence of the mosquito transmitted Zika virus (ZIKV) over much of Southeast Asia, the number of reported cases remains low. One possibility is that residents in Southeast Asia are immunologically protected, although the nature of any such protection remains unclear. This study sought to investigate the presence of antibodies directed to ZIKV NS1 protein in a selected sub-set of samples from a well characterized cohort of serum samples from normal, healthy Thais that had been previously characterized for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to ZIKV, DENV 1-4, and JEV. Because of similarities in molecular weight between the flavivirus E and NS1 proteins, an immunoblot system was established in which the NS1 antigen was not denatured, allowing detection of the dimer form of NS1, distinctly clear from the migration position of the E and NS1 monomer proteins. The results showed that antibodies to ZIKV NS1 protein were only detected in samples with ZIKV neutralizing antibodies (27/30 samples), and no sample (0/30) with a ZIKV plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT)90 < 20 showed evidence of anti-ZIKV NS1 antibodies. The high correlation between the presence of ZIKV NS1 antibodies and ZIKV PRNT suggests that immunological protection against ZIKV infection in Thailand arises from prior exposure to ZIKV, and not through cross neutralization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High correlation between Zika virus NS1 antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in selected serum samples from normal healthy Thais

Sornjai

Ramphan

Wikan

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…In 2016, a total of 455 cases were confirmed in Singapore [14] and, in Thailand, 386 cases were reported in 29 out of 76 provinces from 2015 to 2017 [15]. During this period, cases of ZIKV infection were also reported in other Southeast Asia nations including Malaysia [16] and Myanmar [17]. In 2016, 3 tourists were confirmed to have ZIKV infection after visiting Vietnam [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Zika virus neutralizing antibodies in healthy adults in Vietnam during and after the Zika virus epidemic season: a longitudinal population-based survey

Nguyen

Moi

et al. 2020

BMC Infect Dis

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Background: Between 2016 and 2019, 265 cases of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection were reported in Vietnam, predominantly in southern Vietnam. In 2016, a case of ZIKV-associated microcephaly was confirmed in the Central Highlands, and several members of the infant's family were confirmed to be infected with ZIKV. The study aims to determine the level of immunity to ZIKV in the general population of the ZIKV epidemic region. Methods: A total of 879 serum samples were collected from 801 participants between January 2017 and July 2018, during and after the ZIKV epidemic in Vietnam. The samples were tested for anti-ZIKV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), and anti-dengue virus (DENV) IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for ZIKV was performed on all samples, and for DENV on the samples that ZIKV neutralizing antibody positive. Results: A total of 83 (10.3%) participants had anti-ZIKV IgM. Of the 83, 6 were confirmed to be ZIKV antibodies positive using PRNT and anti-ZIKV IgG ELISA. Of the 718 participants who were anti-ZIKV IgM negative, a further 3 cases were confirmed as positive for antibodies against ZIKV. Of the 9 participants with ZIKV infection, 5 lived in the same village as the infant with ZIKV-associated microcephaly and the other 4 lived in 2 neighboring communes. Repeat samples were collected from the 83 ZIKV IgM positive participants 1.5 years after the first collection. No new cases of ZIKV infection were detected. In addition, 2 of 3 participants with anti-ZIKV NS1 IgG demonstrated a 4-to 8-fold increase in ZIKV neutralizing antibody titer.

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“…Countries in South-East Asia and the Western Pacific Regions such as Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam continued to report new cases of Zika from 2015 to the present [4]. Recently, Zika Virus was detected in Myanmar through analysis of serum samples from 2004 to 2017 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of public secondary school teachers on Zika Virus Disease: A basis for the development of evidence-based Zika educational materials for schools in the Philippines

et al. 2019

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The Philippines is at risk in developing a Zika Virus (ZIKV) Disease Outbreak. One of the possible interventions is health education because students are potential health advocates and influencers to their communities through the knowledge transfers from their teachers. The competency of Filipino teachers on ZIKV Disease is yet to be described. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of public secondary school teachers on ZIKV Disease. A modified version of the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Survey Tool on Zika Virus Disease from the World Health Organization—Pan American Health Organization (WHO-PAHO) was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of teachers of eight public secondary schools in five villages in Quezon City, Philippines. Out of the 609 respondents, 87.3% reported that their main source of information about ZIKV is tri-media, which includes television, print, and radio. Majority of the respondents mentioned that ZIKV is transmitted through a mosquito bite (80.3%). However, only half of the participants identified vector control as a preventive strategy. Moreover, only 54% admitted to have cleaned their water containers or water sources within the last week. Only a few identified mother-to-child (23%) and sexual intercourse (8%) as other means of transmission. Half (49.8%) of the respondents felt that it is possible to acquire ZIKV in their community, while 90% perceived that a private doctor (90%) or a public hospital (88%) can effectively treat the disease. Perceived stigma is high at 50%. This study showed there was good knowledge among teachers on vector transmission of ZIKV but poor knowledge on other aspects of the disease. Also, there was a low level of perceived susceptibility and severity of ZIKV which can be explained by the absence of a personal encounter with a Zika patient and the low number of cases in the Philippines. Half of the respondents said that they cleaned the possible mosquito breeding sites within the last week, followed by those who cleaned their water source more than a week ago (19%). None of the socio-demographic characteristics is significantly associated with respondents’ knowledge on Zika. Only income and location of residence were found to be significantly associated with attitudes towards Zika. These findings call for a comprehensive training program that includes development of teaching materials for public secondary school teachers on ZIKV Disease based from this study.

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Detection of Zika Virus Infection in Myanmar

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

High correlation between Zika virus NS1 antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in selected serum samples from normal healthy Thais

High correlation between Zika virus NS1 antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in selected serum samples from normal healthy Thais

Prevalence of Zika virus neutralizing antibodies in healthy adults in Vietnam during and after the Zika virus epidemic season: a longitudinal population-based survey

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of public secondary school teachers on Zika Virus Disease: A basis for the development of evidence-based Zika educational materials for schools in the Philippines

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