Detection of Water Vapor in the Thermal Spectrum of the Non-transiting Hot Jupiter Upsilon Andromedae b

Piskorz, Danielle; Benneke, Björn; Crockett, N. R.; Lockwood, Alexandra; Blake, Geoffrey A.; Barman, Travis; Bender, Chad F.; Carr, John S.; Johnson, John Asher

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa7dd8

Cited by 73 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…We measure K P = 148 ± 7 km/s and report the presence of water vapor in its atmosphere. The agreement of this measurement with transit and radial velocity measurements reinforces the conclusions from previous detections (e.g., Brogi et al (2012Brogi et al ( , 2013Brogi et al ( , 2014; Lockwood et al (2014); Piskorz et al (2016Piskorz et al ( , 2017, etc.) regarding the utility of the cross-correlation technique.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In addition, when applied to non-transiting planets, a measurement of K P effectively breaks the mass-inclination degeneracy that limits the study of RV planets (e.g. Brogi et al 2012Brogi et al , 2013Brogi et al , 2014Lockwood et al 2014;Piskorz et al 2016Piskorz et al , 2017Birkby et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower panel shows model planet spectra at NIRSPEC instrument resolution in the L and K bands. The L band wavelength ranges observed, K band wavelength ranges observed inPiskorz et al (2017), and CO bandheads are indicated with horizontal bars. The inset shows a wavelength region where absorption is due to CO. All other absorption is due to H 2 O.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground- and Space-based Detection of the Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Transiting Hot Jupiter KELT-2Ab

Piskorz

Buzard

Line

et al. 2018

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We describe the detection of water vapor in the atmosphere of the transiting hot Jupiter KELT-2Ab by treating the star-planet system as a spectroscopic binary with high-resolution, ground-based spectroscopy. We resolve the signal of the planet's motion with deep combined flux observations of the star and the planet. In total, six epochs of Keck NIRSPEC L-band observations were obtained, and the full data set was subjected to a cross correlation analysis with a grid of self-consistent atmospheric models. We measure a radial projection of the Keplerian velocity, K P , of 148 ± 7 km s −1 , consistent with transit measurements, and detect water vapor at 3.8σ. We combine NIRSPEC L-band data with Spitzer IRAC secondary eclipse data to further probe the metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen ratio of KELT-2Ab's atmosphere. While the NIRSPEC analysis provides few extra constraints on the Spitzer data, it does provide roughly the same constraints on metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen ratio. This bodes well for future investigations of the atmospheres of non-transiting hot Jupiters.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground- and Space-based Detection of the Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Transiting Hot Jupiter KELT-2Ab

Piskorz

Buzard

Line

et al. 2018

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“…While weather may have thwarted some earlier attempts with other telescopes, the stability of CRIRES, in part delivered by its use of adaptive optics and Nasmyth mounting, and its higher spectral resolution, were undoubtedly instrumental to its success. Since then, the technique has been used to study the atmospheric composition of both transiting (Crossfield et al 2011;Birkby et al 2013;de Kok et al 2013;Rodler et al 2013;Hoeijmakers et al 2015;Schwarz et al 2015;Brogi et al 2016a) and non-transiting exoplanets (Brogi et al 2012;Rodler et al 2012;Lockwood et al 2014;Snellen et al 2014;Piskorz et al 2016;Schwarz et al 2016). Additionally, the technique reveals the inclination, i, of the orbit, thus the mass of the planet can be measured directly in both cases, rather than just a lower M i sin P ( ) limit for the non-transiting planets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of Water at High Spectral Resolution in the Atmosphere of 51 Peg b

Birkby¹,

Kok²,

Brogi³

et al. 2017

184

244

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We report the detection of water absorption features in the day side spectrum of the first-known hot Jupiter, 51 Peg b, confirming the star-planet system to be a double-lined spectroscopic binary. We use high-resolution ( » R 100,000), m 3.2 m spectra taken with CRIRES/VLT to trace the radial-velocity shift of the water features in the planet's day side atmosphere during 4 hr of its 4.23 day orbit after superior conjunction. We detect the signature of molecular absorption by water at a significance of J , placing it at the transition boundary between Jovian and Neptunian worlds. We determine upper and lower limits on the orbital inclination of the system of  < <  i 70 8 2.2. We also provide an updated orbital solution for 51 Peg b, using an extensive set of 639 stellar radial velocities measured between 1994 and 2013, finding no significant evidence of an eccentric orbit. We find no evidence of significant absorption or emission from other major carbon-bearing molecules of the planet, including methane and carbon dioxide. The atmosphere is non-inverted in the temperature-pressure region probed by these observations. The deepest absorption lines reach an observed relative contrast of´-0.9 10 3 with respect to the host star continuum flux at an angular separation of 3 milliarcseconds. This work is consistent with a previous tentative report of K-band molecular absorption for 51 Peg b by Brogi et al.

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“…This was followed by the detection of CO molecular absorption from the dayside of the non-transiting hot-Jupiter τ Boo b by both Brogi et al (2012) and Rodler et al (2012) (with water vapour later found for the same planet by Lockwood et al 2014). Since these discoveries, additional detections (including for other molecular species such H 2 O and TiO) have also been reported for 51 Peg b Birkby et al 2017), HD189733b (de Kok et al 2013Birkby et al 2013;Brogi et al 2016;Brogi et al 2018), HD179949b (Brogi et al 2014), upsilon Andromedae b (Piskorz et al 2017), HD88133b (Piskorz et al 2016), and WASP-33b (Nugroho et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Doppler tomography as a tool for detecting exoplanet atmospheres

Watson

Mooij

Steeghs

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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High-resolution Doppler spectroscopy is a powerful tool for identifying molecular species in the atmospheres of both transiting and non-transiting exoplanets. Currently, such data is analysed using cross-correlation techniques to detect the Doppler shifting signal from the orbiting planet. In this paper we demonstrate that, compared to cross-correlation methods currently used, the technique of Doppler tomography has improved sensitivity in detecting the subtle signatures expected from exoplanet atmospheres. This is partly due to the use of a regularizing statistic, which acts to suppress noise, coupled to the fact that all the data is fit simultaneously. In addition, we show that the technique can also effectively suppress contanimating spectral features that may arise due to overlapping lines, repeating line patterns, or the use of incorrect linelists. These issues can confuse conventional cross-correlation approaches, primarily due to aliasing issues inherent in such techniques, whereas Doppler tomography is less susceptible to such effects. In particular, Doppler tomography shows exceptional promise for simultaneously detecting multiple line species (e.g. isotopologues), even when there are high contrasts between such species -and far outperforms current CCF analyses in this respect. Finally, we demonstrate that Doppler tomography is capable of recovering molecular signals from exoplanets using real data, by confirming the strong detection of CO in the atmosphere of τ Boo b. We recover a signal with a planetary radial velocity semi-amplitude K p = 109.6 ± 2.2 km s −1 , in excellent agreement with the previously reported value of 110.0 ± 3.2 km s −1 .

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Detection of Water Vapor in the Thermal Spectrum of the Non-transiting Hot Jupiter Upsilon Andromedae b

Cited by 73 publications

References 53 publications

Ground- and Space-based Detection of the Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Transiting Hot Jupiter KELT-2Ab

Ground- and Space-based Detection of the Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Transiting Hot Jupiter KELT-2Ab

Discovery of Water at High Spectral Resolution in the Atmosphere of 51 Peg b

Doppler tomography as a tool for detecting exoplanet atmospheres

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