Detection of viruses and atypical bacteria associated with acute respiratory infection of children in Hubei, China

Abstract

Background and objective Acute respiratory infection is the major cause of disease and death in children, particularly in developing countries. However, the spectrum of pathogenic viruses and atypical bacteria that exist in many of these countries remains incompletely characterized. The aim of this study was to examine the spectrum of pathogenic viruses and atypical bacteria associated with acute respiratory infection in children under the age of 16. Methods A total of 10 435 serum sera specimens were collected from hospitalized children presenting with acute respiratory infection symptoms. Indirect immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect immunoglobulin M antibodies against nine common pathogens: mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza virus B, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, influenza virus A, legionella pneumophila, coxiella burnetii and chamydophila pneumonia. Results Of the 10 435 specimens examined, 7046 tested positive for at least one pathogen. Among all of the tested pathogens, mycoplasma pneumonia had the highest detection rate (56.9%). Influenza virus A and influenza virus B epidemics occurred during both winter and summer. The detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus was higher in spring. Cases of mixed infection were more complex: 4136 specimens (39.6%) tested positive for ≥2 pathogens. There were statistically significant difference in detection rates of mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza virus B, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, influenza virus A, legionella pneumophila and chamydophila pneumonia among different age groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions The most common pathogens causing acute respiratory infection among children in Hubei of China were mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza virus B and respiratory syncytial virus. The detection rates for each pathogen displayed specific seasonal and age group variations.

Epidemiology of Respiratory Pathogens in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Shanghai, China, from 2013 to 2015

“…This difference might be attributed to the year of analysis or differences in the populations studied and methodology (10). Of the pathogens examined, MP was the most common pathogen detected (in 15.7 of the children), which was consistent with previous studies conducted in Nanjing and Wuhan, China (11,12).…”

Detection of Viruses and <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> in Hospitalized Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Northern China, 2015–2016

“…Our finding that the most commonly identified pathogen was M. pneumoniae (19.66 ) was similar to a study of hospitalized children in central China (19.1 ) and to a study of children and adults in southern China (16.9 ) (12,13). However, it was not consistent with a study of hospitalized children in southern China (13.2 ), where the most commonly identified pathogen was RSV (13.7 ) (14). This study found the positive detection rate of M. pneumoniae in 2016 was higher than that in 2015.…”

Age‐ and sex‐related reference intervals of lymphocyte subsets in healthy ethnic Han Chinese children

“…Lymphocyte subset distributions by age are reported in Table 1 (percentages) and Table 2 (absolute counts 310 9 /L), which also list WBC and lymphocyte values. We tabulated the 10th and 90th percentiles, in addition to 11 (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) 11 (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) 11 (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) …”

“…First, establishing these ranges could contribute to the diagnosis of clinical disorders by serving as normal reference range values. Children younger than 7 years old are susceptible to suffering from bacteria and virus infections (22), bronchial asthma, and allergies (23). We applied flow cytometry in the clinic to test the immune status of children to common pediatric diseases, such as hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) (24), bronchopneumonia (25), asthma (26), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) (27), and nephrotic syndrome (28).…”