Detection of virus-neutralising antibodies and associated factors against rabies in the vaccinated household dogs of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Rimal, Shikha; Ojha, Krishna Chandra; Chaisowwong, Warangkhana; Shah, Yogendra; Pant, Dhan Kumar; Sirimalaisuwan, Anucha

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231967

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…found no differences between the two types of vaccines. 48 We also found higher titers in dogs vaccinated in public mass vaccination campaigns than dogs vaccinated at private veterinary clinics ( P = 0.005). This may be related to the type of vaccine used; in Peru, single-pathogen vaccines are used in mass dog vaccination campaigns, whereas combined-pathogen vaccine are commonly used in private veterinary clinics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Dog Population Rabies Immunity before a Mass Vaccination Campaign in Lima, Peru: Vulnerabilities for Virus Reestablishment

Chuquista-Alcarraz,

Falcón,

Vigilato

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Lima, Peru, has not had a case of canine rabies since 1999. However, Lima remains at risk of rabies reintroduction due to the free movement of dogs from nearby rabies-endemic areas. In Latin America, rabies vaccination campaigns must reach 80% of dogs to halt transmission, but estimates of vaccine coverage are often unavailable, unreliable, or inaccurate. Quantifying virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) allows monitoring of the immunological status of the canine population, evaluation of the degree of humoral protection to the virus, and assessing, partially, the population response to vaccination. We evaluated the dog population’s immunity level against the rabies virus before a mass vaccination campaign in Lima. We collected 141 canine blood samples in the district of Surquillo and quantified rabies virus neutralizing antibody titers using the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test). We surveyed dogs owners to reconstruct canine vaccination histories. Among dogs previously vaccinated, 73.9% exceeded the seroconversion threshold of > 0.5 IU/mL. Among all dogs, only 58.2% reached the titer limit for seroconversion. Dogs ≤ 1 year old constituted 26.2% of the total canine population and had lower levels of VNA than dogs > 1 year old (χ2 = 9.071; P = 0.028). Importantly, dogs vaccinated with single-pathogen vaccines had higher levels of VNA than those who received combined-pathogen vaccines (χ2 = 7.721; P = 0.005). We provide an important and timely glimpse to the immunity status of the dog population in urban areas of Lima, a metropolis near a dog rabies–endemic region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Dog Population Rabies Immunity before a Mass Vaccination Campaign in Lima, Peru: Vulnerabilities for Virus Reestablishment

Chuquista-Alcarraz,

Falcón,

Vigilato

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In this study 60% of vaccinated dogs showed inadequate protective levels of titres within the year of last rabies vaccination in 180 vaccinated dogs in Chennai, India. This proportion is far higher than other reports from similar studies 40–42 . This is not only a concern for rabies control efforts in the canine population but also increases the risk of rabies in humans who may not seek post‐exposure prophylaxis after a bite from a vaccinated dog.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This proportion is far higher than other reports from similar studies. [40][41][42] This is not only a concern for rabies control efforts in the canine population but also increases the risk of rabies in humans who may not seek post-exposure prophylaxis after a bite from a vaccinated dog. It is crucial that vaccines selected for use by the veterinary public sector and for mass dog vaccination campaigns are of high quality and retain potency until administration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of protective level of rabies antibodies in vaccinated dogs in Chennai, India

Yale

Sudarshan

Taj

et al. 2021

Veterinary Record Open

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Background Rabies is still endemic in India causing an estimated 20,000 human deaths a year. Free roaming dogs and unvaccinated owned dogs play a major role in the maintenance of the disease. Dog vaccination is the most crucial aspect of rabies prevention and control strategies; therefore vaccine immunogenicity and longevity are important determinants of the efficiency of rabies control efforts. Methods In this study at Madras Veterinary College, India, a total of 297 serum samples were collected from owned dogs that were vaccinated against rabies. Data regarding age, gender, breed, neuter status and last date of vaccination were collected at the time of blood collection. The level of rabies virus neutralising antibodies in the sera of these dogs was measured through rapid focus fluorescence inhibition test. The factors associated with protective level of rabies antibodies in vaccinated dogs were investigated through multivariable regression analysis. Results This cross‐sectional investigation shows that only 40% (119/297) of the all the dogs in the study showed presence of protective level of anti‐rabies antibodies, and 40% (72/180) of the dogs vaccinated within the last year showed presence of protective levels of antibodies causing concern about rabies vaccine quality and its impact on rabies control. The study also shows that older and neutered dogs are more likely to have protective titre among vaccinated dogs, while non‐descript breed dogs are less likely to have a protective titre compared to pure breeds. Conclusion In this study 60% (108/180) of young prima dogs and adult dogs did not show protective levels of antibodies within the year of last rabies vaccination, although they had previous vaccination history. This high percentage of apparent non‐responders is a cause of concern of administration, distribution, storage, potency and quality management of vaccines in India.

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“…Berbagai faktor telah dilaporkan memengaruhi pembentukan antibodi rabies pada anjing adalah usia anjing, ras, jenis vaksin, kedaluwarsa vaksin, kualitas vaksin selama vaksinasi massal (cold chain) (Rimal et al, 2020), keterampilan vaksinator, aplikasi vaksin, dosis vaksin, dan monitoring vaksinasi (Suardana, 2014).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Deteksi Antibodi Terhadap Rabies pada Anjing Lepasan Berdasarkan Topografi Wilayah di Kabupaten Badung, Bali

Sari

Mahardika²,

Tenaya³

2021

jveteriner

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase anjing lepasan yang memiliki antibodi protektif terhadap virus rabies berdasarkan topografi wilayah tempat tinggal anjing di Kabupaten Badung. Lokasi pengambilan sampel, yaitu di Kecamatan Mengwi (Desa Mengwi, Mengwitani, Sempidi) yang mewakili wilayah perkotaan, Kecamatan Petang (Desa Pangsan, Petang, Belok) yang mewakili wilayah pegunungan dan Kecamatan Kuta Selatan (Desa Jimbaran, Ungasan, Tanjung Benoa) yang mewakili wilayah pantai. Objek penelitian adalah 90 ekor anjing lepasan dengan umur di atas tiga bulan. Sampel serum diuji menggunakan kit enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rata-rata titer antibodi anjing lepasan terhadap virus rabies di Kabupaten Badung adalah 0,24±0,31 IU/mL. Persentase anjing lepasan yang memiliki antibodi terhadap virus rabies (e” 0,1 IU/mL) adalah 100%. Sementara itu, persentase anjing lepasan yang mempunyai antibodi protektif terhadap virus rabies (e” 0,5 IU/mL) adalah 11,1%. Persentase anjing yang memiliki antibodi dan yang memiliki antibodi protektif terhadap virus rabies di masing-masing wilayah topografi tidak berbeda nyata. Penelitian ini memberikan fakta bahwa semua anjing lepasan yang dijadikan sampel di tiga wilayah topografi Kabupaten Badung memiliki antibodi rabies, dan hanya 11,1% anjing lepasan yang memiliki antibodi protektif terhadap virus rabies. Perlu strategi dari pemerintah untuk memfokuskan sasaran vaksinasi pada anjing lepasan, mengingat wilayah jelajah anjing lepasan lebih luas sehingga penularan rabies oleh anjing lepasan kemungkinan akan sangat besar. Hal ini perlu dilakukan untuk mencapai keberhasilan dalam pemberantasan rabies di Kabupaten Badung.

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Detection of virus-neutralising antibodies and associated factors against rabies in the vaccinated household dogs of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Dog Population Rabies Immunity before a Mass Vaccination Campaign in Lima, Peru: Vulnerabilities for Virus Reestablishment

Dog Population Rabies Immunity before a Mass Vaccination Campaign in Lima, Peru: Vulnerabilities for Virus Reestablishment

Investigation of protective level of rabies antibodies in vaccinated dogs in Chennai, India

Deteksi Antibodi Terhadap Rabies pada Anjing Lepasan Berdasarkan Topografi Wilayah di Kabupaten Badung, Bali

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