Detection of violent speech against women in Mexican tweets using an active learning approach

Abstract

In Latin American and Caribbean States, the verbal violence against women on social networks, such as X (formerly known as Twitter), is a serious threat that has been addressed through the implementation of social norms, public policies, and social movements. Nevertheless, a challenge is the effective and automatic real-time detection of violent tweets. In this sense, traditional machine learning algorithms have been proposed to tackle social issues where the training process is performed in a static manner. However, considering that X is a dynamic environment where a vast number of tweets are generated each second, it requires powerful machine learning algorithms that could exploit this pool of unlabeled data to be incorporated into the model through continuous updates. This paper explores an active learning method based on uncertainty sampling, which identifies the most confusing tweets to be labeled by an expert in real-time. This focused selection prioritizes which data can be used to train a multilayer perceptron that can achieve a better performance with fewer training samples. Experimental results show that including new samples yields promising results, increasing the AUC from 0.8712 to 0.8833.