Detection of TTV Antigen in Patients With Hepatitis HBV and HCV

Abstract

Background: Several lines of evidence have suggested the presence of new hepatitis agents, in addition to established hepatitis viruses A-E. Torque Teno virus (TTV) was more prevalent in patients with hepatitis, so it was thought to have hepatotropic properties. Objective: To detect TTV Ag in apparently healthy blood donors and patients infected with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Also, to find out any possible association between the study population demographic data and TTV status. Methods: This study was conducted from the beginning of November, 2017 to the end of March, 2018. Serum samples were collected from 50 patients who had chronic hepatitis HBV or HCV and attended to Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital. Also, sera were collected from a total 43 healthy blood donors from the Blood Donation Center in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City. The clinical characteristics of both patients and controls such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) were obtained from hospital records. Serum samples were tested by ELISA technique for detection of TTV Ag. Results: TTV was detected in 89.2% (33 out of 37) of the HBV-positive patients and in 30.8% (4 out of 13) of the HCV-positive patients versus 23.3% of the healthy blood donor (10 out of 43). Results of this study showed that the prevalence of TTV in HBV patients is significantly higher than HCV patients and healthy blood donors. Concerning risk factors, it was found that there was statistically significant relationship between TTV positivity and mean level of ALT but results indicated that the presence of TTV was not associated with AST, sex, age and history of transfusion, surgery and tattooing. Conclusion: TTV may play a role in hepatitis and its presence was associated with biochemical signs of liver disease, and among patients infected with chronic HBV or HCV. Keywords: Torque Teno virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, healthy blood donors Citation: khudair EA, Al-Shuwaikh AMA, Farhan NM. Detection of TTV antigen in patients with hepatitis HBV and HCV. Iraqi JMS. 2019; 17(1): 43-49. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.17.1.7

Molecular and Phylogenetic Detection of Torque Teno Virus (Ttv) Among Hemodialysis Patients: A Single Center Study

“…The present study indicated that 81% of hemodialysis patients tested positive for TTV DNA for UTR region as illustrated in the figure (1). While only 1 out of 100 (1%) samples was positive for ORF-1 region as shown in the figure (2).…”

“…Also, this study is close to what's mentioned by Magu et al who detected TTV DNA in 77% of HCV patients (42) . Furthermore, in Iraq, TTV-Ag was detected in 89 of the HBVpositive patients and in 30.8% of the HCVpositive patients (2) . The current data disagree with Chattopadhyay et al who showed that among TTV-positive patients, HCV co-infection was absent (17) .…”

“…The use of erythropoietin to treat renal anemia resulted in a significant reduction in blood transfusions; however, infections in hemodialysis units can still occur in the absence of other parenteral risk factors (51,52) . The co-infection of TTV and HBV or HCV is common (2,53,54) . Although there was no significant association between hepatitis and TTV status in present study.…”

“…n addition to well-known (A to E) hepatitis viruses, there is growing evidence that newer hepatitis viruses may exist and have a role in this disease (1)(2)(3) . Torque teno virus (TTV) was first discovered in Japan 1997 from serum of patients with post transfusion non-A to G hepatitis who developed raised alanine aminotransferase level (ALT) (4) .…”

Comparison of de novo assembly using long-read shotgun metagenomic sequencing of viruses in fecal and serum samples from marine mammals

“…First discovered in a serum samples from Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) patients ( Khudair et al, 2019 ), TTV are single-stranded circular DNA (ssDNA) viruses, with a ~ 3.8 kb genome size and are currently classified into the Anelloviridae family under the genus Alphatorquevirus ( Lolomadze and Rebrikov, 2020 ). TTV are known to be a diverse viral group with over 20 genotypes and 40% viral genome heterogeneity with frequent recombination in the N22 region of the open reading frame (ORF) 1 gene ( Manni et al, 2002 ; Hino and Miyata, 2007 ; Hsiao et al, 2021 ).…”