Detection of triazine and urea herbicide residues by various characteristics of oat seedlings in bioassays

Marriage, P. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1975.tb01321.x

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Bioassay studies were conducted with oat (Avena sativa L.) for atrazine (Akobundu et al, 1975) and with Japanese millet (E. crus-galli frumeniacea) for alachlor (Sheets et al, 1962;Marriage, 1975). Appropriate volumes of the herbicide stock solutions were incorporated into moist (16-18% water by weight) waste-amended and unamended soil with a hand whisk to produce concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 ppm (w/w, oven-dry basis), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxicity of atrazine and alachlor in soil amended with sludge, manure and activated carbon

Guo

Bicki

Felsot

et al. 1991

J. of Env. Sc. & Hlth., Part B

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Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the influence of waste-activated carbon (WAC), digested municipal sewage sludge (DMS), and animal manure on herbicidal activity of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-trazine] and alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] in a Plainfield sandy soil. Amendments generally reduced bioactivity against oat (Avena sativa L.) and Japanese millet (E. crus-galli frumentacea).The extent to which herbicide phytotoxicity was inhibited depended upon the application rate and the kind of soil amendment. WAC, applied at the loading rate of 2.1 mt C/ha, showed a significant inhibitory effect on both herbicides. In DMS-and manure-amended soil, the reduction of atrazine activity was not significant at the rate 513 Copyright© 1991 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. GUO ET AL.of 8.4 mt C/ha, but reduction of alachlor activity was significant at the rate of 4.2 mt C/ha. Despite inhibition of herbicidal activity, the ED 50 of atrazine and alachlor was below 2 ppm in most of the amendment treatments. Before adopting carbon-rich waste amendments as management practices for controlling pesticide leaching in coarsetextured soils, further studies are needed to characterize how alterations in sorption, leaching and degradation may affect herbicidal activity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxicity of atrazine and alachlor in soil amended with sludge, manure and activated carbon

Guo

Bicki

Felsot

et al. 1991

J. of Env. Sc. & Hlth., Part B

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“…Soils were evaluated for herbicidal activity using an oat bioassay (Sheets et al, 1962;Marriage, 1975;Horowitz, 1976). After herbicides were added to the soils, 13 oat seeds (Avena sativa, cv.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Atrazine, Metribuzin and Simazine Herbicides in Two Soils

Fuscaldo¹,

Bedmar²,

Monterubbianesi³

1999

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-An oat bioassay was conducted in pots under greenhouse conditions to determine the persistence of atrazine, metribuzin and simazine herbicides in soils of the southeast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Atrazine rates of 0, 0.58, 1.16 and 2.32 mg g -1 of active ingredient (a.i.), metribuzin rates of 0, 0.14, 0.28 and 0.56 mg g -1 of a.i., and simazine rates of 0, 0.72, 1.45 and 2.9 mg g -1 of a.i. dry soil weight were applied to pots containing soils from Balcarce and San Cayetano sites. Organic matter (OM) content and pH of Balcarce soil were 5.5% and 5.8%, while for San Cayetano soil were 2.9% and 6.7%, respectively. Relative dry weight (RDW) of oat shoots was calculated as percentage of control. Considering a 20% RDW reduction of oat shoots, persistences of recommended rates for the region were: atrazine (1.16 mg g -1 of a.i.), 78 and 130 days after treatment (DAT) for Balcarce and San Cayetano soil, respectively; metribuzin (0.28 mg -1 of a.i.), 63 and 77 DAT for Balcarce and San Cayetano soil, respectively; simazine (1.45 mg g -1 of a.i.), 81 and 156 DAT for Balcarce and San Cayetano soil, respectively. Results show that persistence of atrazine, metribuzin and simazine in soil increased with high rates, low OM content and high pH.Index terms: oat, organic matter, pH, herbicide rates, bioassay. PERSISTÊNCIA DOS HERBICIDAS ATRAZINE, METRIBUZIN E SIMAZINE EM DOIS SOLOSRESUMO -O presente trabalho foi realizado para estudar a persistência dos herbicidas atrazine, metribuzin e simazine em solos do sudeste da Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina, por meio de um bioensaio com aveia. Doses de atrazine de 0, 0,58, 1,16 e 2,32 mg g -1 de ingrediente ativo (i.a.), doses de metribuzin de 0, 0,14, 0,28 e 0,56 mg g -1 de i.a., e doses de simazine de 0, 0,72, 1,45 e 2,9 mg g -1 de i.a. de solo seco, foram aplicadas em vasos que continham solos de Balcarce e San Cayetano. O conteúdo de matéria orgânica (MO) e o pH do solo de Balcarce foram 5,5% e 5,8%, enquanto no solo de San Cayetano foram 2,9% e 6,7%, respectivamente. Com a parte aérea das plantas de aveia calculou-se o peso relativo da matéria seca (PSR) em relação ao tratamento sem herbicida. Considerando uma redução de 20% do PSR, as persistências nas doses recomendadas para os solos de Balcarce e San Cayetano foram, respectivamente: atrazine (1,16 mg g -1 de i.a.), 78 e 130 dias após tratamento (DAT); metribuzin (0,28 mg g -1 de i.a.), 63 e 77 DAT; simazine (1,45 mg g -1 de i.a.), 81 e 156 DAT. Os resultados indicam que a persistência foi maior com altas doses dos herbicidas, com baixo conteúdo de MO e alto pH dos solos.Termos para indexação: aveia, matéria orgânica, pH, doses de herbicidas, bioensaio.

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“…The sinking rate of floating pumpkin leaf discs (20) and visual observations of floating aquatic plants such as Lemna (11) have been used to detect minimum levels of 1 x 10~^M diuron and 4.9 x 10~~7M simazine, respectively. These assays routinely take 24 h. Bioassays using oat or soybean fresh weights, either as seeds or transplants, require growing times of 14 to 30 days (9,16). Chlorophyll fluorescence of transplanted oat required minimum measurement times of 8 h to 17 days depending on herbicide and concentration, with reported detection of minimum levels of 6.3 x 10~7M atrazine, 1 x 10~^M diuron, and 6 x 10~7M metribuzin (15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioassay of Photosynthetic Inhibitors in Water and Aqueous Soil Extracts with Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)

et al. 1989

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Eurasian watermilfoil, an aquatic flowering plant, was found to be a suitable bioassay plant for the detection of photosynthetic inhibitor herbicides in water and aqueous extracts of soil. Stock cultures of Eurasian watermilfoil were maintained in an algal-free medium under constant environmental conditions. Oxygen evolution from three lateral shoots 3 to 5 cm in length was measured before and after herbicide treatment. Inhibition of photosynthesis was detected within 10 min of treatment. Concentrations as low as 5.9 × 10–8M terbacil and 6.4 × 10–8M diuron were detected in water. Simazine, atrazine, and metribuzin were detected in water at a concentration of 10–7M. Eurasian watermilfoil bioassays in lake water spiked with various concentrations of terbacil, metribuzin, atrazine, and simazine indicated that the bioresidual activity of these chemicals can be estimated in samples of natural water without extraction or purification. Using aqueous extracts taken from herbicide-treated soil, the Eurasian watermilfoil bioassay detected minimum levels of 0.047 and 0.07 kg/ha terbacil and atrazine, respectively. Neither soybean nor oat showed visible injury symptoms at these concentrations. The Eurasian watermilfoil bioassay has the advantage of being more rapid and/or more sensitive than methods using algae, oat seedlings, or leaf discs.

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Detection of triazine and urea herbicide residues by various characteristics of oat seedlings in bioassays

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Phytotoxicity of atrazine and alachlor in soil amended with sludge, manure and activated carbon

Phytotoxicity of atrazine and alachlor in soil amended with sludge, manure and activated carbon

Persistence of Atrazine, Metribuzin and Simazine Herbicides in Two Soils

Bioassay of Photosynthetic Inhibitors in Water and Aqueous Soil Extracts with Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)

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