Detection of Transcoding from H.264/AVC to HEVC Based on CU and PU Partition Types

Abstract

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is a worldwide popular video coding standard due to its high coding efficiency. To make profits, forgers prefer to transcode videos from previous standards such as H.264/AVC to HEVC. To deal with this issue, an efficient method is proposed to expose such transcoded HEVC videos based on coding unit (CU) and prediction unit (PU) partition types. CU and PU partitioning are two unique syntactic units of HEVC that can reflect a video’s compression history. In this paper, CU and PU partition types of I pictures and P pictures are firstly extracted. Then, their mean frequencies are calculated and concatenated as distinguishing features, which are further sent to a support vector machine (SVM) for classification. Experimental results show that the proposed method can identify transcoded HEVC videos with high accuracy and has strong robustness against frame-deletion and shifted Group of Pictures (GOP) structure attacks.

VR‐Based improvement of aerobics teaching quality

“…BD‐Rate was an objective measure used in video compression to compare the rate distortion performance of two different video codecs or the same video codec at different bitrates in different settings, while PSNR was directly proportional to image quality. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm was compared with three baselines, which were fast CU partitioning algorithm for intra‐only configuration (fCUP‐IC), 11 fast coding unit (CU) partitioning algorithm based on regional decision tree (fCUP‐RDT), 12 and CU and prediction unit‐based high efficiency video coding algorithm (CUPU‐HEVC) 13 …”

“…Furthermore, the proposed algorithm was compared with three baselines, which were fast CU partitioning algorithm for intra-only configuration (fCUP-IC), 11 fast coding unit (CU) partitioning algorithm based on regional decision tree (fCUP-RDT), 12 and CU and prediction unit-based high efficiency video coding algorithm (CUPU-HEVC). 13…”

A Review on HEVC Video Forensic Investigation under Compressed Domain

“… Finding 2: Fig. 2 depict that only (20)(21)(22)% of the available literature related to the video forgery detection under the compression domain uses HEVC coding features.  Finding 3: The size of the CU, PU and TU partitioning type also plays a major role during the forgery detection.…”

“…In the entertainment sector, where hundreds of hours of videos are uploaded to YouTube every minute, quality control measures must be extremely efficient. In [10,20,21], the authors presented forensic approaches for determining if it is an authentic HEVC video or it is generated by transcoding an existing MPEG/AVC video sequence.…”

“…Zhang et al [21] concatenated the characteristics of CU partition types to the PU partition types. A 38-D feature vector is designed by extracting mean frequencies of CU and PU partition types from I-frames and first P-frames of each GOP.…”