Detection of toxoplasmic lesions in mouse brain by USPIO-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have received great attention due to their applications as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This feature article briefly introduces the concepts of MRI and MRI contrast agents, and then mainly discusses the synthesis, surface modification, surface functionalization, colloidal stability and biocompatibility of iron oxide particles, followed by their MRI applications.

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“…5, which reflect blood-brain barrier impairment and/or inflammatory reactions associated with these lesions. 75 …”

Section: Res-directed Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: from preparations to in vivo MRI applications

2009

Self Cite

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“…A study of 30 mice acutely infected with T. gondii (by intracerebral injection of tachyzoites) were imaged with Gad and/or USPIO at various time-periods in the acute (1 week) infectious process, followed by microscopic examination. 66 The USPIO imaging (postcontrast T 2 and T 2 * weighted images, decreased signal) identified several T. Gondii lesions not visualized on either unenhanced T 2 and T 2 *, or Gad-enhanced T 1 -weighted MRI. However, the Gad imaging identified breaks in the blood-brain barrier more effectively than did the USPIO.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It may not be positive in "preclinical" or early-stage infections. 65,66 Ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO), a new contrast agent for MRI, has been used recently to study neuroinflammatory diseases. Circulating monocytes in the bloodstream internalize these particles, which travel within the inflammatory cells into areas of phagocytosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Latent Toxoplasmosis gondii: Emerging Evidence for Influences on Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Hurley

Taber²

2012

JNP

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Cover and FIGURE 1. A coronal section from the Mouse Brain Library is shown on the cover. 1 Toxoplasmosis gondi cysts can be present in any part of a host neuron in the brains of mice with chronic latent infection. Shown on the left a are representative brain sections immune-stained for T. gondii antibody (brown, black scale bar: 50 um). 2 The upper set show a cyst within a dendrite of a striatal neuron; the lower set show a cyst within the soma of a cortical neuron (two levels of magnification). Note that T. gondii antigen is also present within the cytosol of the host neurons. Cysts can contain dopamine (or its immediate precursor), as illustrated on the right (yellow scale bar: 10 mm) for two different areas (upper and lower rows) immune-stained for anti-dopamine antibody (green) and TRITC-lectin (red, cyst wall). 3 Addition of immune-staining with DAPI (blue, right column) provides visualization of neural cells and individual bradyzoites.FIGURE 2. Studies quantifying T. gondii cyst burden in multiple brain areas in rodents with chronic infection found differences in relative burden across regions, but the patterns vary considerably. 2,4-7 Results for a few commonly reported regions are illustrated, with longer times post-infection indicated by lighter colors. Studies are separated into two histograms, based on method of quantification used. Note that every anatomic area had the heaviest burden of cysts in at least one study. FIGURE 3. A recent voxel-based morphometry study assessed T. gondii status as well as average graymatter volume in patients with schizophrenia [R] and matched healthy controls [L]. 8 As compared with controls, the group with schizophrenia had reduced gray-matter volume in multiple areas of cortex, hippocampus, and caudate (not illustrated). Both groups were split based on T. gondii status, and comparisons were repeated. Major areas of significantly reduced gray matter in the groups with schizophrenia are approximated on representative magnetic resonance images. Note the much greater number and extent of areas in the group of patients with schizophrenia that were positive (pink) than negative (blue) for T. gondii when compared with their respective healthy controls.a Reproduced under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

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“…The relaxation effects of iron oxide nanoparticles depend on their local concentration, compartmentalisation (inside or outside the cells), distribution in their microenvironment (interactions with surrounding protons) and on the applied field strength. Most experimental works are performed at high field (>3 T) [6,14,15], in order to improve spatial resolution in small animals. With the recent development of 7 T head and whole-body scanners [16,17] clinical USPIO-enhanced MRI studies may also be performed at high field in the future, as some USPIOs, such as ferumoxtran-10, are already approved for use in humans [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative effects of cell internalization of two types of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles at 4.7 T and 7 T

Brisset

Desestret²,

Marcellino³

et al. 2009

Eur Radiol

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Detection of toxoplasmic lesions in mouse brain by USPIO-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: from preparations to in vivo MRI applications

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: from preparations to in vivo MRI applications

Latent Toxoplasmosis gondii: Emerging Evidence for Influences on Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Quantitative effects of cell internalization of two types of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles at 4.7 T and 7 T

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