Detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in I. ricinus ticks collected from autumn migratory birds in Latvia

Kazarina, Alisa; Japina, Kristine; Keišs, Oskars; Salmane, Ineta; Bandere, Dace; Capligina, Valentina; Ranka, Renāte

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.11.011

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our results, together with suggestions of long distance dispersal events based on molecular epidemiology studies of TBEV [37,53] and findings of TBEV in ticks carried by migratory birds [54][55][56][57][58], are in line with the hypothesis that the initial introduction of TBEV has occurred via migratory birds, and followed with a subsequent local expansion of the established foci.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Recent establishment of tick-borne encephalitis foci with distinct viral lineages in the Helsinki area, Finland

Smura

Tonteri

Jääskeläinen

et al. 2019

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Number of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cases has increased and new foci have emerged in Finland during the last decade. We evaluated risk for locally acquired TBE in the capital region inhabited by 1.2 million people. We screened ticks and small mammals from probable places of TBE virus (TBEV) transmission and places without reported circulation. The TBEV positive samples were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Within the study period 2007-2017, there was a clear increase of both all TBE cases and locally acquired cases in the Helsinki area. The surveillance of ticks and small mammals for TBEV confirmed four distinct TBEV foci in the Helsinki area. All detected TBEV strains were of the European subtype. TBEV genome sequences indicated that distinct TBEV lineages circulate in each focus. Molecular clock analysis suggested that the virus lineages were introduced to these foci decades ago. In conclusion, TBE has emerged in the mainland of Helsinki area during the last decade, with at least four distinct virus lineages independently introduced into the region previously. Although the overall annual TBE incidence is below the threshold for recommending general vaccinations, the situation requires further surveillance to detect and prevent possible further emergence of local TBE clusters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Recent establishment of tick-borne encephalitis foci with distinct viral lineages in the Helsinki area, Finland

Smura

Tonteri

Jääskeläinen

et al. 2019

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…It was concluded that TBEV can be distributed by tick-infested migratory birds in spite of the very low number of TBEV positive ticks detected. These findings were confirmed in Estonia (Geller et al 2013 ), Switzerland (Lommano et al 2014 ) and Latvia (Kazarina et al 2015 ). Ernek et al ( 1968 ) detected TBEV antibodies in sera from blackbirds ( Turdus merula ) and sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) as well as TBEV in ticks from blackbirds ( Turdus merula ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Tick infestation in birds and prevalence of pathogens in ticks collected from different places in Germany

et al. 2016

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The importance of ticks and tick-borne pathogens for human and animal health has been increasing over the past decades. For their transportation and dissemination, birds may play a more important role than wingless hosts. In this study, tick infestation of birds in Germany was examined. Eight hundred ninety-two captured birds were infested with ticks and belonged to 48 different species, of which blackbirds (Turdus merula) and song thrushes (Turdus philomelos) were most strongly infested. Ground feeders were more strongly infested than non-ground feeders, sedentary birds more strongly than migratory birds, and short-distance migratory birds more strongly than long-distance migratory birds. Mean tick infestation per bird ranged between 2 (long-distance migratory bird) and 4.7 (sedentary bird), in some single cases up to 55 ticks per bird were found. With the exception of three nymphs of Haemaphysalis spp., all ticks belonged to Ixodes spp., the most frequently detected tick species was Ixodes ricinus. Birds were mostly infested by nymphs (65.1 %), followed by larvae (32.96 %). Additionally, ticks collected from birds were examined for several pathogens: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Sindbisvirus with real-time RT-PCR, Flaviviruses, Simbuviruses and Lyssaviruses with broad-range standard RT-PCR-assays, and Borrelia spp. with a Pan-Borrelia real-time PCR. Interestingly, no viral pathogens could be detected, but Borrelia spp. positive ticks were collected from 76 birds. Borrelia (B.) garinii, B. valaisiaina, B. burgdorferi s.s. and B. afzelii were determined. The screening of ticks and birds for viral pathogens with broad range PCR-assays was tested and the use as an “early warning system” is discussed.

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“…IXLI1 was detected in 100% of female Ixodes lividus ticks collected from the sand martin Riparia riparia [64]. Other pathogens, such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum [44,71], Coxiella burnetti [51], Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis [41], TBEV [44,50,73], and Babesia spp. [37,47,71,74,75], are identified in bird-infesting ticks less frequently.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Tick-borne Pathogens In Ticks Infesting Birds mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Migratory Birds in the Rapid Spread of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in the Changing Climatic and Environmental Conditions in Europe

Buczek

Bartosik

2020

IJERPH

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This opinion piece highlights the role of migratory birds in the spread of ticks and their role in the circulation and dissemination of pathogens in Europe. Birds with different lifestyles, i.e., non-migrants residing in a specific area, or short-, medium-, and long-distance migrants, migrating within one or several distant geographical regions are carriers of a number of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. During seasonal migrations, birds that cover long distances over a short time and stay temporarily in different habitats can introduce tick and pathogen species in areas where they have never occurred. An increase in the geographical range of ticks as well as the global climate changes affecting the pathogens, vectors, and their hosts increase the incidence and the spread of emerging tick-borne diseases worldwide. Tick infestations of birds varied between regions depends on the rhythms of tick seasonal activity and the bird migration rhythms determined by for example, climatic and environmental factors. In areas north of latitude ca. 58°N, immature Ixodes ricinus ticks are collected from birds most frequently, whereas ticks from the Hyalomma marginatum group dominate in areas below 42°N. We concluded that the prognosis of hazards posed by tick-borne pathogens should take into account changes in the migration of birds, hosts of many epidemiologically important tick species.

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Detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in I. ricinus ticks collected from autumn migratory birds in Latvia

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Recent establishment of tick-borne encephalitis foci with distinct viral lineages in the Helsinki area, Finland

Recent establishment of tick-borne encephalitis foci with distinct viral lineages in the Helsinki area, Finland

Tick infestation in birds and prevalence of pathogens in ticks collected from different places in Germany

The Potential Role of Migratory Birds in the Rapid Spread of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in the Changing Climatic and Environmental Conditions in Europe

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