“…Microwave, infrared and electronic spectroscopy have been exceptionally successful in providing spectroscopic information on fundamentally important cations such as H + 3 (Oka and Jagod 1993), CH + 2 (Rösslein et al 1992), CH + 3 (Crofton et al 1985), CH + 5 (White et al 1999) and H 3 O + (Begemann et al 1983), to list but a few. Other important cations, such as H + 2 , He + 2 , or CH + 4 have been difficult to study with these methods, and, so far, could only be investigated at highresolution by photoelectron spectroscopy and related methods (Osterwalder et al 2004b, Raunhardt et al 2008, Signorell and Merkt 2000, Wörner and Merkt 2009.…”