Detection of the Î²2 toxin gene of<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>in diarrhoeic piglets in The Netherlands and Switzerland

Klaasen, H. L. B. M.; Molkenboer, M.J.C.H.; Bakker, Jelle; Miserez, R.; Häni, H; Frey, Joachim; Popoff, Michel R.; Bosch, J. F. van den

doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.1999.tb01301.x

Cited by 34 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, it was recently shown that over 100 lambs with clostridial dysentery, derived from different farms, all har‐boured C perfringens with at least one other toxin gene in addition to the a‐toxin gene cpa (Gkiourtzidis and others 2001). Furthermore, a recent study of diarrhoeic piglets revealed that strains of C perfringens containing only the a‐toxin gene were isolated much less often than strains which also contained one of the genes encoding the 13‐ or the 132‐toxin (Klaasen and others 1999). On the basis of these and several other observations, the authors consider that the a‐toxin by itself, although it may be needed as a basic virulence factor for successful infection, is probably not sufficient to cause severe intestinal disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium perfringensβ2‐toxin in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) with ulcerative enteritis

Bacciarini

Gröne

Pagan³

et al. 2001

Veterinary Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 22-year-old female African elephant (Loxodonta africana) developed diarrhoea of unknown cause which lasted for two days. The animal was euthanased after it remained recumbent and refused to get up. Gross pathological changes were present mainly in the gastrointestinal tract. The intestinal contents were watery and dark brown. Several areas of the mucosa of the small intestine were covered minimally to moderately with fibrin and had a few 0.1 x 10 to 15 cm linear ulcerations. Microscopical lesions consisted of discrete areas of necrosis of the surface and crypt epithelium without overt inflammatory infiltrates. Culture of the small intestinal contents resulted in a moderate growth of Clostridium perfringens. No salmonella were found in the small or large intestine. PCR of the isolate of C. perfringens revealed the presence of the beta2-toxin gene cpb2 and the alpha-toxin gene cpa but no other known toxin genes. The expression of the beta2-toxin gene in vivo was demonstrated by the immunohistochemical localisation of the beta2-toxin to the microscopical lesions in the small intestine.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium perfringensβ2‐toxin in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) with ulcerative enteritis

Bacciarini

Gröne

Pagan³

et al. 2001

Veterinary Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Iota toxin causes inhibition of smooth muscle contraction and impairment of endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis (Table 2). Only toxinotype E strains produce iota toxin and reported infections associated with iotatoxin are rare, but have been documented in cattle, horses, sheep, swine and rabbits (29,30,31,32,33). The LD 50 of iota toxin injected in mice intravenously was determined to be 40 µg/kg (19).…”

Section: Iota Toxin (Itx)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxigenic Profile of Clostridium perfringens Strains Isolated from Natural Ingredient Laboratory Animal Diets

Johnston¹,

Whiteside²,

Allen³

et al. 2022

j am assoc lab anim sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that ubiquitously inhabits a wide varietyof natural environments including the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. C. perfringens is an opportunistic enteropathogen capable of producing at least 20 different toxins in various combinations. Strains of C. perfringens are currentlycategorized into 7 toxinotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) based on the presence or absence of 6 typing-toxins (α, β, epsilon, iota, enterotoxin, and netB). Each toxinotype is associated with specific histotoxic and enteric diseases. Spontaneous enteritis due to C. perfringens has been reported in laboratory animals; however, the source of the bacteria was unknown. The Quality Assurance Laboratory (QAL) at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) routinely screens incoming animal feeds for aerobic, enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella spp. and E. coli. Recently, QAL incorporated anaerobic screening of incoming animal feeds. To date, the lab has isolated numerous Clostridium species, including C. perfringens, from 23 lots ofnatural ingredient laboratory animal diets. Published reports of C. perfringens isolation from laboratory animal feeds couldnot be found in the literature. Therefore, we performed a toxin profile screen of our isolated strains of C. perfringens usingPCR to determine which toxinotypes were present in the laboratory animal diets. Our results showed that most C. perfringens strains we isolated from the laboratory animal feed were toxinotype A with most strains also possessing the theta toxin. Two of the C. perfringens strains also possessed the β toxin. Our results demonstrated the presence of C. perfringens in nonsterile, natural ingredient feeds for laboratory animals which could serve as a source of this opportunistic pathogen.

show abstract

“…Recently, a variant of the -toxin known as 2 (cpb2 gene) has been associated with enteric diseases in a wide range of animals, including swine, cattle, poultry, sheep, horses and dogs (Klaasen et al, 1999;Garmory et al, 2000;Waters et al, 2005). Since its recognition as a separate toxin-producing strain, 2-toxigenic C. perfringens has also been isolated from various avian and aquatic species (Boujon et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of recombinantClostridium perfringensβ2-toxin

Gurjar¹,

Yennawar²,

Yennawar³

et al. 2007

Acta Cryst Sect F

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive sporulating anaerobic bacterium that is responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases in animals, birds and humans. The virulence of C. perfringens is associated with the production of several enterotoxins and exotoxins. beta2-toxin is a 28 kDa exotoxin produced by C. perfringens. It is implicated in necrotic enteritis in animals and humans, a disease characterized by a sudden acute onset with lethal hemorrhagic mucosal ulceration. The recombinant expression, purification and crystallization of beta2-toxin using the batch-under-oil technique are reported here. Native X-ray diffraction data were obtained to 2.9 A resolution on a synchrotron beamline at the F2 station at Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) using an ADSC Quantum-210 CCD detector. The crystals belong to space group R3, with a dimer in the asymmetric unit; the unit-cell parameters are a = b = 103.71, c = 193.48 A, alpha = beta = 90, gamma = 120 degrees using the hexagonal axis setting. A self-rotation function shows that the two molecules are related by a noncrystallographic twofold axis with polar angles omega = 90.0, phi = 210.3 degrees.

show abstract

Detection of the Î²2 toxin gene ofClostridium perfringensin diarrhoeic piglets in The Netherlands and Switzerland

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

Clostridium perfringensβ2‐toxin in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) with ulcerative enteritis

Clostridium perfringensβ2‐toxin in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) with ulcerative enteritis

Toxigenic Profile of Clostridium perfringens Strains Isolated from Natural Ingredient Laboratory Animal Diets

Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of recombinantClostridium perfringensβ2-toxin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About