Detection of the administration of anabolic preparations of nandrolone to the entire male horse

Houghton, E.; Ginn, Annette; Teale, P.; Dumasia, M. C.; Moss, Michael

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03701.x

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…20 Similarly to what was described in horses, 17bN was excreted mainly in the sulphate fraction. 9,10 17aN was not detected in either the pre-or the post-administration samples, in agreement with data presented by other authors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Detection of the administration of 17β‐nortestosterone in boars by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Ventura

Roig

Pérez

et al. 2008

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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17beta-Nortestosterone (17betaN) is illegally used in livestock as a growth promoter and its endogenous production has been described in some animals, such as adult boars. In this paper, the metabolism of 17betaN in boars has been studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in order to identify markers of the exogenous administration. Administration studies of intramuscular 17betaN laurate to male pigs were performed. Free, sulphate and glucuronide fractions of the urine samples were separated and the steroids present were quantified by GC/MS. 17betaN was detected in some pre-administration samples. After administration, 17betaN, norandrosterone, noretiocholanolone (NorE), norepiandrosterone, 5beta-estrane-3alpha,17beta-diol and 5alpha-estrane-3beta,17beta-diol were detected in different fractions, being the most important metabolites, 17betaN excreted as a sulphate and free NorE. Samples collected in routine controls were also analyzed by GC/MS to identify endogenous compounds. 17betaN, norandrostenedione and estrone were detected in almost all the samples. No other 17betaN metabolites were detected. According to these results, the detection by GC/MS of some of the 17betaN metabolites described above, different from 17betaN, could be indicative of the exogenous administration of 17betaN to boars.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…8,9 ABA, another important metabolite of 17bN in other species, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] was not detected in boars. It is worth noting the variability in the concentrations obtained for the different animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the administration of 17β‐nortestosterone in boars by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Ventura

Roig

Pérez

et al. 2008

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…This hypothesis was tested by administration studies of proprietary preparations of 19-nortestosterone to uncastrated male horses and marked differences were observed for the preand post-administration ratios of 5a-estrane-3b,17a-diol:5(10)-estren-3b,17a-diol [23]. The ratio of these two steroids was determined in a statistically significant number of extracts of urine samples from uncastrated male horses and an international threshold value was accepted in 1987 [24].…”

Section: Conjugate Group Separationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolism of Anabolic Steroids and Their Relevance to Drug Detection in Horseracing

Teale¹,

Houghton²

2010

Bioanalysis

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The fight against doping in sport using analytical chemistry is a mature area with a history of approximately 100 years in horseracing. In common with human sport, anabolic/androgenic steroids (AASs) are an important group of potential doping agents. Particular issues with their detection are extensive metabolism including both phase I and phase II. A number of the common AASs are also endogenous to the equine. A further issue is the large number of synthetic steroids produced as pharmaceutical products or as 'designer' drugs intended to avoid detection or for the human supplement market. An understanding of the metabolism of AASs is vital to the development of effective detection methods for equine sport. The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge of the metabolism of appropriate steroids, the current approaches to their detection in equine sport and future trends that may affect equine dope testing.

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“…Both compounds may be detectable in urinary extracts from pregnant female and entire or cryptorchid male horses, however, and, for entire male animals, thresholds apply. The FEI-endorsed limit, originally proposed by Dehennin et al [84], is 0.045 µg/ml free and conjugated urinary 5a-estrane-3b,17a-diol, while the IFHA uses a specification, developed by Houghton et al [85], based on a maximum allowable mass ratio of free and conjugated 5a-estrane-3b,17a-diol to free and conjugated estr-5(10)-ene-3b,17a-diol of 1:1. The latter substance is an endogenous marker steroid whose urinary concentration is not increased by exogenous nandrolone administration.…”

Section: Nandrolonementioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Techniques for the Determination of Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Doping in the Horse

McKinney

2009

Bioanalysis

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Control of the use of performance-affecting substances in the horse is critical to the integrity of a wide range of equine sports, with major implications for both animal welfare and revenue streams. One class of medications enjoying particular public notoriety is the anabolic-androgenic steroid group, as highlighted by the recent 'Big Brown' affair and Congressional inquiries into the use of steroids in professional sports, including horse racing, in the USA. This review examines the latest developments pertaining to the analytical detection of these substances in equine biological samples and the supporting regulatory environment. Consideration is given to the full variety of sample matrices available, together with modern sample preparative approaches and instrumental techniques. Issues concerning the regulation of endogenous steroids, including thresholds where applicable, are also discussed.

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Detection of the administration of anabolic preparations of nandrolone to the entire male horse

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Detection of the administration of 17β‐nortestosterone in boars by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Detection of the administration of 17β‐nortestosterone in boars by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Metabolism of Anabolic Steroids and Their Relevance to Drug Detection in Horseracing

Modern Techniques for the Determination of Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Doping in the Horse

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