Detection of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin residues in milk, honey and meat samples using an optical biosensor

Abstract

Immuno-biosensor inhibition assays for the detection of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin residues in whole cows' milk, honey, pig kidney and pig muscle are reported. The antibody showed high cross-reactivity with dihydrostreptomycin in various foodstuffs (buffer 103%, milk 96%, honey 84%, kidney extract 129% and muscle extract 98%). There was no significant cross-reaction with other aminoglycosides or commonly used antibiotics. A streptomycin derivative was used to prepare a stable, reusable sensor chip surface. The assay allowed the direct analysis of bovine whole milk (fat content approximately 3.5%). Honey samples required dilution with buffer, while kidney and muscle samples from pigs were homogenized in an aqueous extraction buffer and clarified by centrifugation. The limit of detection for each assay was determined from known streptomycin-free samples (n = 20; mean - (3 x standard deviation)) and the results were as follows: milk 30 microg kg(-1), honey 15 microg kg(-1), kidney 50 microg kg(-1) and muscle 70 microg kg(-1). Repeatability (or relative standard deviation) between runs were calculated (n = 3) at the respective Community maximum residue limits (MRL) and 0.5 x MRL with the exception of honey since no European MRL exists at present. Results were determined as 4.3% (200 microg kg(-1)) and 2.8% (100 microg kg(-1)) in milk, 13.3% (40 microg kg(-1)) and 9.5% (20 microg kg(-1)) in honey, 7.1% (1000 microg kg(-1)) and 7.6% (500 microg kg(-1)) in kidney and 7.1% (500 microg kg(-1)) and 11% (250 microg kg(-1)) in muscle.

Development and Single-Laboratory Validation of a Pseudofunctional Biosensor Immunoassay for the Detection of the Okadaic Acid Group of Toxins

“…[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] This labelfree, automated analysis technique combines the high affinity of biochemical interactions with low limits of detection producing rapid and reliable results. Minimal amounts of analyte are required to produce the chip surfaces, and these surfaces can be reused many times without loss of activity.…”

Development of a monoclonal antibody binding okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins-1, -2 in proportion to their toxicity equivalence factors

“…They produce rapid and reliable results with minimal sample preparation and use of analyte (Elliott et al, 1999;Gaudin et al, 2001;Gustavsson et al, 2002;Haasnoot et al, 2002;Mello and Kubota, 2002;Samsonova et al, 2002;Ferguson et al, 2002Ferguson et al, , 2005Gaudin et al, 2005;Traynor et al, 2006;Mauriz et al, 2006;Llamas et al, 2007;Campbell et al, 2007;Connolly et al, 2007, Campas et al, 2007. This technology allows for real time, automated analysis combining the high affinity of biochemical interactions with low limits of detection and is characterised by its simplicity of use.…”

Methods for Sanitary Surveillance of Livestock Production. Vii. Enzymoimmunoassay of Streptomycin

“…In 1993, it was reported about obtaining the antibodies to protein conjugates of SM modified by carboxymethyloxime for aldehyde group (3,4,8,12,13). Later, this was performed using the reaction of SM with glutaraldehyde and carbodiimide condensation (9), binding of methylamino group with cyanuric chloride (11,14), and modification of SM by adipic acid dihydrazide (6,7,10).…”

“…In modern practice, the control of SM residues in animal products is often based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This method was implemented in several countries in the form of test systems of various types including biosensor technology (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Russian researchers also have proposed a test system based on direct ELISA and the evaluation test using immunochromatography for the control of SM in milk and dairy products (13,14).…”