Detection of spatio-temporal variability of air temperature and precipitation based on long-term meteorological station observations over Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia

Observed changes in temperature extremes over China–Pakistan Economic Corridor during 1980–2016

“…The trend in extreme temperature of the warmest day (TXx) and coldest day (TNn) can be influenced by several factors, including complex topography, land cover, local heat fluxes, and regional atmospheric circulations (You et al, 2008;Li et al, 2012a;Yan et al, 2015;Xu et al, 2018). Moreover, anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, urbanization, extensive use of fossil fuels, and other human actions can also enhance the long-term temperature and can lead to warming of the warmest day (TXx) and coldest days (TNn) (Mahlstein and Knutti, 2010;Fall et al, 2011;Li et al, 2012b;You et al, 2017).…”

“…Similarly, the maximum geopotential height differences (approximately 50 gpm) are observed in the northern mountainous region, while the lowest geopotential height differences (approximately −10 gpm) are detected in the southern region of the study area. This indicates that the increase (decrease) in geopotential height with low (high) wind speed may be associated with increasing (decreasing) trend of temperature and ultimately affect the occurrence of temperature extremes in the region (Nasrallah et al, 2004;Sayemuzzaman et al, 2015;Shi et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2018). The strong winds from the Indian Ocean are moving towards the coastal area, which may affect the long-term temperature at a local scale (Priya et al, 2017;Pathak et al, 2017a).…”

“…Among these fields, wind speed, air temperature, and geopotential height are often used for assessing and linking the changes in surface temperature in several studies (Sun et al, 2016;Ren et al, 2017). To investigate the indirect influence of circulation change in the trends of maximum and minimum temperatures and related extremes, we calculated the differences in wind speed and air temperature from ERA-Interim reanalysis for the two halves of the data period, that is, 1980-1997and 1998(Dee et al, 2011Xu et al, 2018). The former was subtracted from the latter to detect changes in circulation and air temperature between the two periods (You et al, 2011;Shi et al, 2018).…”

Does elevation dependent warming exist in high mountain Asia?

“…For example, You et al (2010) suggested that there was the absence of any simple elevation dependency in temperature trends in the Tibetan Plateau from 1961 to 2015. Xu et al (2018) indicated that elevation dependency of temperature trend magnitude was not obvious in the Tianshan Mountains of HMA from 1960 to 2016. Du et al (2019) found that the higher altitudes are seemly to a lower rate of temperature rose on the Tibetan Plateau.…”

Observed Trends in Precipitation over the Riacho do Navio Basin (Pernambuco)

“…O Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC) alerta para as alterações nos regimes pluviométricos resultantes dos efeitos do aquecimento global (IPCC, 2014). Nesse contexto, o estudo do regime e classificação da precipitação, em muito seco, seco, normal, chuvoso e muito chuvoso (Blain, 2013;Lopes et al, 2017), bem como, a análise de tendência nas séries temporais de temperatura e precipitação como ressaltados por Pingale et al (2014) na Índia, Asfaw et al (2018) na Etiópia, Xu et al (2018) na Ásia, Shrestha et al (2019) no Himalaia, Skansi et al (2013) na América do Sul, Duarte (2005), Silva & Dereczynski (2014) e Regoto et al (2018) no Brasil, representam importante análise para planejamento de atividades agrícolas.…”