Detection of some bacteria and mycotoxins in the baladi chicken eggs from backyard in Bahira Governorate

Abstract

Background Public health risks result from the consumption of baladi eggs due to the Egyptian consumer’s demand and preference for baladi chicken eggs that might be contaminated with bacteria and/or mycotoxins that might affect eggs quality and results in food-borne intoxication or infection to consumers. Objective The current study aimed to investigate the presence of certain bacteria (mainly Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella) and shed light on the virulence genes and also detection of mycotoxins in baladi agg content, which act as potential public health problems for providing safe eggs suitable for human consumption. Materials and methods A total of 150 Baladi chicken eggs from backyard were arbitrarily collected from El-Behera Governorate, Egypt at 2022–2023 for recognition of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumonia, Salmonella and mycotoxins. Molecular detection of some bacterial virulence genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), including some enterotoxins and hemolysin genes for some S. aureus isolates as (sea, seb, sec, sed and see, hla and hlb) and E. coli isolates virulence genes for (shiga toxin1, shiga toxin2, eaeA and astA). Quantification of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AFS) in the eggs by a low-cost, high-recovery fluorescence detector (FLD) in conjunction with a straightforward, specific, and created High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) assay in accordance with green chemistry. Results and conclusion Bacteriological examination revealed isolation of S. aureus, E. coli and K. pneumonia at percent 26.6%, 58%, and34%, respectively. It was found that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the predominant detected toxins (18%), and OTA amount was found to be lower than the of aflatoxins found. It was found that AFs and OTA were determined to be below the maximum allowable threshold in 98% of the egg samples examined.