2005
DOI: 10.1093/jat/29.7.765
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Detection of Smoked Cocaine Marker (Anhydroecgonine Methylester) in Nails

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Cited by 17 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…The rate of fingernail growth has been reported to be approximately about 0.1 mm/day, 0.5 mm/week, 38.1 mm/year, and 2.2-3.0 mm/month (Baden, 1965;Horner and Cohen, 1966;Clark and Buxton, 1938;Lin et al, 2004). To date, amphetamine-type stimulants (Cirimele et al, 1995;Lin et al, 2004;Suzuki et al, 1989), cannabinoids (Lemos et al, 1999), opiates (Lemos et al, 2000b;Ropero-Miller et al, 2000;Cingolani et al, 2004), cocaine (Ropero-Miller et al, 2000;Cingolani et al, 2004;Valente-Campos et al, 2006;Ragoucy-Sengler and Kintz, 2005;Garside et al, 1998;Skopp and Pötsch, 1997), phencyclidine (Jenkins and Engelhart, 2006), benzodiazepines (Irving and Dickson, 2007), and methadone (Lemos et al, 2000a) are among the drugs that have been detected in nails. These studies have been based on several instrumental methods including immunoassay (Lemos et al, 2000a;Lemos et al, 2000b), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Lemos et al, 2000b), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Lemos et al, 1999;Ropero-Miller et al, 2000;Cingolani 2004;Valente-Campos 2006;Jenkins and Engelhart, 2006), and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Irving and Dickson, 2007).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The rate of fingernail growth has been reported to be approximately about 0.1 mm/day, 0.5 mm/week, 38.1 mm/year, and 2.2-3.0 mm/month (Baden, 1965;Horner and Cohen, 1966;Clark and Buxton, 1938;Lin et al, 2004). To date, amphetamine-type stimulants (Cirimele et al, 1995;Lin et al, 2004;Suzuki et al, 1989), cannabinoids (Lemos et al, 1999), opiates (Lemos et al, 2000b;Ropero-Miller et al, 2000;Cingolani et al, 2004), cocaine (Ropero-Miller et al, 2000;Cingolani et al, 2004;Valente-Campos et al, 2006;Ragoucy-Sengler and Kintz, 2005;Garside et al, 1998;Skopp and Pötsch, 1997), phencyclidine (Jenkins and Engelhart, 2006), benzodiazepines (Irving and Dickson, 2007), and methadone (Lemos et al, 2000a) are among the drugs that have been detected in nails. These studies have been based on several instrumental methods including immunoassay (Lemos et al, 2000a;Lemos et al, 2000b), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Lemos et al, 2000b), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Lemos et al, 1999;Ropero-Miller et al, 2000;Cingolani 2004;Valente-Campos 2006;Jenkins and Engelhart, 2006), and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Irving and Dickson, 2007).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Anhydroecgonine methyl ester, a pyrolysis product of cocaine that is a proof of cocaine use as crack [34], was detected in eight nail samples (ranging from \0.10 to [10 ng/mg) [29], thus providing evidence of different cocaine administration profiles. This application has also been documented in a murder trial, where anhydroecgonine methyl ester was found at concentrations of 0.24 and 0.39 ng/mg in nail clippings of two males suspected of murder, and resulted in the revealing of past crack consumption [30]. During a controlled dosing study, low-dose (75 mg/70 kg) and high-dose (150 mg/70 kg) cocaine was injected on three different days in eight volunteers, and fingernail scrapings were collected weekly for a period of 10 weeks [10].…”
Section: Cocaine Detection and Quantification In Nailsmentioning
confidence: 75%
“…Pre-analytical and analytical techniques GC-EI-MS has been used throughout the studies for the detection of cocaine and its metabolites in nails [10, 13, Table 1 Forensic Toxicol [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Most often, methanol has been employed as decontamination solvent.…”
Section: Cocainementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Wnikają również z łoju i potu [6].Wyniki analizy paznokci mogą się okazać użyteczne wówczas, gdy zachodzi konieczność udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy dana osoba zażywała narkotyki bądź leki w przeszłości. Mogą być wykorzystane jako dowód w sprawach z zakresu prawa cywilnego i karnego, w których fakt zażywania narkotyków w przeszłości może wpłynąć na decyzję sądu [12].Niewątpliwą zaletą tego materiału biologicznego jest to, że pobieranie paznokci jest nieinwazyjne, a ich przechowywanie i transport nie wymagają szczególnych warunków. Ponadto paznokcie nie ulegają takim zmianom rozkładowym jak krew czy mocz.Podczas analizy paznokci mogą się pojawić trudności w interpretacji wyników, które związane są przede wszystkim ze zjawiskiem kontaminacji próbek.…”
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