Detection of silent oestrus in dairy cows by milk temperature measurement

Gil, Z.; Szarek, J.; Kural, J.

doi:10.1017/s1357729800016258

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The findings of the present study also suggest that silent estrus may also occur in later cycles (cycles 4 and 5). Gil et al (1997) stated that 48% of animals displayed at least one silent estrous cycle before becoming pregnant whereas in the current experiment this was found to be the case in 59% of animals. In the present study a silent estrous cycle was defined as an animal not being observed in estrus by the trained dairy technicians during an ob-servational period or by the farm staff on their routine observations.…”

Section: Behavioral Trendscontrasting

confidence: 62%

Effect of dietary protein content on estrous behavior of dairy cows during early and mid lactation

Law¹,

Young²,

Patterson³

et al. 2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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One of the main contributing factors to the decline in fertility in contemporary dairy farming is the inability to detect cows in estrus. In the current study, 90 Holstein dairy cows [45 primiparous and 45 multiparous (mean parity of 3.1)] were allocated to 1 of 3 treatments at calving; 173, 144, or 114 g of crude protein/kg of dry matter. Estrous behavior was recorded for one 30-min period every 12 h from calving until all animals reached 140 d postpartum. Behavioral activities were recorded according to a scoring system developed by Van Eerdenburg et al. (1996), with 9 key estrous behavioral activities each allocated a given number of points. If the total score allocated was greater than or equal to 50 points during a single or consecutive observational periods, then the animal was deemed to be in estrus. A total of 238 estrous cycles scored 50 points or above on the Van Eerdenburg et al. (1996) scale in this experiment, with 51.7% of these cycles being characterized as standing immobile on mounting. There were no direct effects of dietary protein content on estrous behavior; however, 3 significant stage of lactation x protein treatment interactions occurred for the behavioral activities (mucous discharge, chin resting, and mounting the head side of another cow), but no consistent trends were apparent from the predicted means. There was a significant influence of parity on the frequency of mounting the head side of another cow and total number of behavior activities displayed per estrous cycle. In both cases multiparous animals displayed fewer behavioral activities than primiparous animals. An increase in the size of the sexually active group (animals in estrus at the same time, up to 5) significantly increased the expression of mounting or attempting to mount another cow, the number of cycles in which standing immobile on being mounted was observed, the total estrous score and the proportion of cyclic animals that were diagnosed as being in estrus. The most frequent behavioral activity displayed was chin resting (89.5% of cycles), and the most reliable behavior was standing immobile on mounting (when expressed 96.4% of cows were in estrus). The most dependable (function of reliability and frequency displayed) sign of estrus was mounting or attempting to mount another cow. This behavior was expressed in 83% of cycles, and when expressed, 89% of animals were in estrus.

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Section: Behavioral Trendscontrasting

confidence: 62%

Effect of dietary protein content on estrous behavior of dairy cows during early and mid lactation

Law¹,

Young²,

Patterson³

et al. 2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…McArthur et al (1992) found that milk temperature increased 0.4 ± 0.1°C at estrus. Temperatures were highly variable, however, and temperature increases lasted for short periods with a mean increased time of 9 h. Gil et al (1997) reported a strong correlation between increased rectal temperature and increased milk temperature (r = 0.90) in 78.9% of 38 silent ovulations based on visual observation of standing to be mounted. Table 4.…”

Section: Variable Percent Changes At Estrusmentioning

confidence: 98%

Automated estrous detection using multiple commercial precision dairy monitoring technologies in synchronized dairy cows

Mayo

Silvia

Ray

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Estrus in dairy cattle varies in duration and intensity, highlighting the need for accurate and continuous monitoring to determine optimal breeding time. The objective of this study was to evaluate precision dairy monitoring technologies (PDMT) for detecting estrus. Estrus was synchronized in lactating Holstein cows (n = 109) using a modified G7G-Ovsynch protocol (last GnRH injection withheld to permit expression of estrus) beginning at 45 to 85 d in milk. Resumption of ovarian cyclicity at enrollment was verified by transrectal ultrasonography for presence of a corpus luteum. Cows were observed visually during 30 min (4 times per day) for behavioral estrus on d −1 to 2 (d 0 = day of estrus). Periods peri-estrus were defined by the temporal blood plasma progesterone patterns on d −5, −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. Estrous detection by PDMT, an estrous behavior scoring system, and by visual observation of standing estrus were compared with the reference (gold) standard. Only 56% of cows that ovulated were observed standing by visual observation. Sensitivity and specificity for estrous detection were not different among all PDMT. Devices in this study measuring activity in steps, neck movement, high activity of head movement, or a proprietary motion index increased on the day of estrus 69 to 170% from the baseline before estrus. The change in rumination time on the day of estrus decreased for both neck and ear-based technologies (−2 to −16%). Temperature of the reticulorumen, vagina, and ear skin were not different on the day of estrus than day peri-estrus. Daily lying times decreased on average to 24.6% on the day of estrus for IceQube (IceRobotics Ltd., Edinburgh, Scotland). In contrast, lying time increased 15.5 and 33.1% for AfiAct Pedometer Plus (Afimilk, Kibbutz Afikim, Israel) and Track a Cow (ENGS Systems Innovative Dairy Solutions, Rosh Pina, Israel), respectively. All PDMT tested were capable of detecting estrus at least as effectively as visual observation. Four of the 6 PDMT that reported estrous alerts correctly detected 15 to 35% more cows than visual observation 4 times per day. Use of temporal progesterone patterns correctly identified more cows than visual observation alone. Dairy producers considering PDMT should focus on (1) the reference (gold) standard used to test efficacy of a device's alerts and (2) the device that will have the fewest false readings in their operations.

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“…The investigations which were carried out in Poland and other countries confirmed the possibility of using milk temperature values automatically registered during milking for diagnosis of oestrus in cows, early pregnancy and subclinical and acute mastitis (Ball et al, 1978;Fordham et al, 1987A,B;Fordham et al, 1988;Gil, 1988;Gil et al, 1997;Gil ert al., 2001; Kliszczewski et al, 1996;Maatje and Rossing, 1976;Maatje et al, 1992;McArthur et al, 1992;Ordolff, 2001). Despite great diagnostic possibilities, temperature methods are not presently fully utilised by milking systems producers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Computer System for Temperature Diagnostics of Cows

Jędruś

2016

Agricultural Engineering

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The objective of the paper was to draw out a functional profile of a new computer system for temperature diagnostics of cows. This device enables oestrus detection including the silent one, early pregnancy (from the 5th day of insemination), acute inflammatory conditions and subclinical mastitis in a non-invasive manner during machine milking of cows. For diagnostic purposes one type of the measurement sensor was used, which is a unique feature in comparison to diagnostic devices mass produced and available on the market. A microprocessor module of the new milking system has intelligent devices features. It is construed of modern analogue and digital subassemblies and specialised measurement interfaces. The program structure of the system enables processing of automatically registered milk temperature values during cow milking on account of requirements of cow temperature diagnostics.

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Detection of silent oestrus in dairy cows by milk temperature measurement

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of dietary protein content on estrous behavior of dairy cows during early and mid lactation

Effect of dietary protein content on estrous behavior of dairy cows during early and mid lactation

Automated estrous detection using multiple commercial precision dairy monitoring technologies in synchronized dairy cows

Computer System for Temperature Diagnostics of Cows

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