Abstract:Achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 (UN SDG2) infers an imperative to urgently increase food production by up to 70%. However, concerns have risen that increases in food production have not kept pace with increase in world population, which is estimated to reach 10 billion people by the year 2050. In this paper, an IoT with machine learning based system was developed to acquire and process significant indicators such as temperature, moisture, humidity and leave images for the detection of S… Show more
The global agricultural sector confronts significant obstacles such as population growth, climate change, and natural disasters, which negatively impact food production and pose a threat to food security. In response to these challenges, the integration of IoT and AI technologies emerges as a promising solution, facilitating data-driven decision-making, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing monitoring and control systems in agricultural operations to address these challenges and promote sustainable farming practices. This study examines the intersection of IoT and AI in precision agriculture (PA), aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of their combined impact and mutually reinforcing relationship. Employing a systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we explore the synergies and transformative potential of integrating IoT and AI in agricultural systems. The review also aims to identify present trends, challenges, and opportunities in utilizing IoT and AI in agricultural systems. Diverse forms of agricultural practices are scrutinized to discern the applications of IoT and AI systems. Through a critical analysis of existing literature, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how the integration of IoT and AI technologies can revolutionize PA, resulting in improved efficiency, sustainability, and productivity in the agricultural sector.
The global agricultural sector confronts significant obstacles such as population growth, climate change, and natural disasters, which negatively impact food production and pose a threat to food security. In response to these challenges, the integration of IoT and AI technologies emerges as a promising solution, facilitating data-driven decision-making, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing monitoring and control systems in agricultural operations to address these challenges and promote sustainable farming practices. This study examines the intersection of IoT and AI in precision agriculture (PA), aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of their combined impact and mutually reinforcing relationship. Employing a systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we explore the synergies and transformative potential of integrating IoT and AI in agricultural systems. The review also aims to identify present trends, challenges, and opportunities in utilizing IoT and AI in agricultural systems. Diverse forms of agricultural practices are scrutinized to discern the applications of IoT and AI systems. Through a critical analysis of existing literature, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how the integration of IoT and AI technologies can revolutionize PA, resulting in improved efficiency, sustainability, and productivity in the agricultural sector.
“…An ANN with Multilayer Perceptron was designed by SweetWilliam et al [25] to classify banana leaves infected by Sigatoka disease. Discriminative color features are extracted using a Scalable Color Descriptor and Histogram of Orientation Gradient(HOG) for texture features.…”
Section: Identification and Prediction Of Diseases In Banana Plantsmentioning
Banana plants require a precise balance of 16 essential nutrients to flourish, with micronutrients playing a pivotal role in smaller proportions than macronutrients. Insufficient micronutrient provision in Banana plants can impede growth, hinder flowering, and diminish fruit production. Precise identification of deficiencies is imperative for farmers aiming to cultivate nutrient-dense crops and enhance their yields. Micronutrients such as Boron contribute to hormone regulation, while Iron facilitates enzyme function, DNA synthesis, and overall metabolic processes in plants. Observable manifestations of Boron and Iron deficiencies on banana leaves are crucial indicators necessitating intervention. The present work proposes a novel deep learning methodology, employing a CNN model with Skip Connections (CNNSC), to detect Boron and Iron deficiencies in banana foliage. The CNNSC model, featuring thirteen layers, surpasses established architectures like VGG16, DenseNet, and Inception V3. Training the model on a specialized curated dataset comprising 11,000 nutrient-deficient images, with a split of 70% for training and 30% for testing, has yielded promising outcomes. Key performance metrics, encompassing accuracy, loss, precision, F1-score, recall, and the confusion matrix underscore the efficacy of the model, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of approximately 95%.
“…During the initial stage, the drying of the back of the midrib is a key symptom that aids in identifying the disease. This proactive approach is essential in preventing the further spread of the disease and minimizing its impact on banana plantations 10 – 12 . Figure 3 Black Sigatoka.…”
Section: Banana Leaf Diseases and Their Significancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The objective of the authors of these papers is to propose a system for predicting and rectifying diseases affecting banana leaves using a CNN. The prediction and rectification process involves two tasks 12 , 32 . The first task involves resizing the image to a standard input size, while the second task involves converting the image to grayscale in order to reduce the memory required for processing.…”
The Indian economy is greatly influenced by the Banana Industry, necessitating advancements in agricultural farming. Recent research emphasizes the imperative nature of addressing diseases that impact Banana Plants, with a particular focus on early detection to safeguard production. The urgency of early identification is underscored by the fact that diseases predominantly affect banana plant leaves. Automated systems that integrate machine learning and deep learning algorithms have proven to be effective in predicting diseases. This manuscript examines the prediction and detection of diseases in banana leaves, exploring various diseases, machine learning algorithms, and methodologies. The study makes a contribution by proposing two approaches for improved performance and suggesting future research directions. In summary, the objective is to advance understanding and stimulate progress in the prediction and detection of diseases in banana leaves. The need for enhanced disease identification processes is highlighted by the results of the survey. Existing models face a challenge due to their lack of rotation and scale invariance. While algorithms such as random forest and decision trees are less affected, initially convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is considered for disease prediction. Though the Convolutional Neural Network models demonstrated impressive accuracy in many research but it lacks in invariance to scale and rotation. Moreover, it is observed that due its inherent design it cannot be combined with feature extraction methods to identify the banana leaf diseases. Due to this reason two alternative models that combine ANN with scale-invariant Feature transform (SIFT) model or histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) combined with local binary patterns (LBP) model are suggested. The first model ANN with SIFT identify the disease by using the activation functions to process the features extracted by the SIFT by distinguishing the complex patterns. The second integrate the combined features of HOG and LBP to identify the disease thus by representing the local pattern and gradients in an image. This paves a way for the ANN to learn and identify the banana leaf disease. Moving forward, exploring datasets in video formats for disease detection in banana leaves through tailored machine learning algorithms presents a promising avenue for research.
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