Detection of Several Classes of Pesticides and Metabolites in Meconium by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Bielawski, Dawn M.; Ostrea, Enrique M.; Posecion, Norberto C.; Corrion, Melissa; Seagraves, J.

doi:10.1365/s10337-005-0668-7

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For the hair samples, a small, pencil (width) size sample of hair was obtained from the infant's nape and placed in sealed plastic bags. Meconium was collected by the nurse directly from every diaper of the infant during the first 2 days of life using previously published procedures of collection (21). If an inadequate amount of meconium was collected in the nursery, meconium collection was continued at home and the mother was instructed to save the infant's diapers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lindane and DDT were also analyzed based on our previous study in Manila, Philippines that showed substantial exposure to these pesticides (22). Some known metabolites of these pesticides were also analyzed including: 2-isopropoxyphenol [ The pesticides and their metabolites were analyzed in the various matrices by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using published procedures (21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and with the following analytical characteristics:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of infant hair, cord blood and meconium analysis to detect fetal exposure to environmental pesticides

Ostrea¹,

Bielawski²,

Posecion³

et al. 2008

Environmental Research

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OBJECTIVE-The detection of fetal exposure to environmental pesticides is important because many of the pesticides are neurotoxicants and fetal exposure to these compounds can adversely affect prenatal and subsequent neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to determine, by the comparative analysis of infant hair, cord blood and meconium, the most sensitive matrix to detect fetal exposure to pesticides. PATIENTS AND METHODS-Pregnantwomen were prospectively recruited from an agricultural site in the Philippines where a preliminary survey indicated a substantial use at home and in the farm of the following pesticides: propoxur, cyfluthrin, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, pretilachlor, bioallethrin, malathion, diazinon and transfluthrin. Infant hair, cord blood and meconium were obtained after birth and were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the above compounds, including lindane and DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis, p-chlorophenylethane) and some of their known metabolites.RESULTS-A total of 638 infants were included in the study. The highest exposure rate to pesticides was detected in meconium (23.8% to propoxur, 1.9% to pretilachlor, 1.9% to cypermethrin, 0.8% to cyfluthrin, 0.6% to DDT and 0.3% to malathion and bioallethrin). Cord blood was only positive for propoxur (1.9%) whereas infant hair was only positive for chlorpyrifos (0.2%). The highest exposure was to household pesticide (propoxur). The frequency and concentration of pesticides were compared in the three matrices and there was a significantly higher frequency and concentration of propoxur, pretilachlor, DDT, cyfluthrin and cypermethrin in meconium compared to cord blood and infant hair. Pesticide metabolites were not found in any of the matrices analyzed, except in one meconium sample which was positive for DDE (4,4′ dichlorodiphenyldichloro ethylene), a DDT metabolite.CONCLUSIONS-There is significant exposure of the pregnant woman and her fetus to pesticides, particularly to the home pesticide, propoxur. Our study has demonstrated that among cord blood, meconium or infant hair, meconium is the most sensitive matrix to analyze for fetal exposure to pesticides. The accumulation of pesticides in meconium, the ease of meconium collection and the Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. large amount of meconium that could be collected are factors that contribute to the increased sensitivity of this matrix. NIH Public Access

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of infant hair, cord blood and meconium analysis to detect fetal exposure to environmental pesticides

Ostrea¹,

Bielawski²,

Posecion³

et al. 2008

Environmental Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Identification was further ascertained using target to qualifier ion response ratios. The mean response ratios were calculated from target to qualifier ion response ratios obtained from the analysis of spiked calibrators and the limits were set at ± 20% of the mean response ratios [21,26,27]. The limit of detection (LOD) was established using the empirical approach [28].…”

Section: Quantitation and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limit of detection (LOD) was established using the empirical approach [28]. The empirical LOD is the lowest concentration at which the target ion peak eluted at the expected retention time, all the qualifier ion peaks were detected, and where the target to qualifier ion response ratios were within the acceptable limits [21,27]. …”

Section: Quantitation and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meconium is formed as early as the 12th week of gestation and continues until birth. Thus, the deposition of xenobiotics in meconium is cumulative and provides a wide window to detect fetal exposure to many xenobiotics, including licit and illicit drugs, food additives, heavy metals, nicotine, alcohol, and recently, pesticides [21,22]. As compared to traditional matrices (i.e., urine, blood or saliva) in which measurement of pesticide levels is only indicative of transient or recent exposure, meconium analysis can detect exposure over the last two trimesters of pregnancy and can provide a cumulative measure of prenatal PQ exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative determination of paraquat in meconium by sodium borohydride-nickel chloride chemical reduction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)

Posecion

Ostrea

Bielawski

2008

Journal of Chromatography B

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The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for the GC/MS assay of paraquat in meconium as a biomarker of fetal exposure to paraquat. The method involved a sodium borohydride-nickel chloride reduction procedure, liquid-liquid extraction of the perhydrogenated product, concentration, and GC/MS assay. The method demonstrated good overall recovery (102.56 %) with %CV (interassay) of less than 13%, and a limit of detection of 0.0156 μg/g. Analysis of meconium samples from a study population in the Philippines (n = 70) showed a 2.8% prevalence of fetal exposure to paraquat.

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Food Forensics Cases Related to Food Bioterrorism/Food Bio‐Weapons and Food Poisoning Agents

2017

Food Forensics and Toxicology

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Detection of Several Classes of Pesticides and Metabolites in Meconium by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 45 publications

References 21 publications

A comparison of infant hair, cord blood and meconium analysis to detect fetal exposure to environmental pesticides

A comparison of infant hair, cord blood and meconium analysis to detect fetal exposure to environmental pesticides

Quantitative determination of paraquat in meconium by sodium borohydride-nickel chloride chemical reduction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)

Food Forensics Cases Related to Food Bioterrorism/Food Bio‐Weapons and Food Poisoning Agents

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