Detection of sensitisation on aged lean duplex stainless steel with different electrochemical methods

Kauss, N.; Heyn, A.; Halle, Thorsten; Rosemann, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.081

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…While NaCl initiates pitting corrosion at surface defects and imperfections, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] causes an anodic polarization of the surface (+275 mV Ag/AgCl on platinum). The released Fe 3+ ions react with K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] to form Prussian blue, allowing an easy localization and visualization of the corrosion by the intensity of the blue color [46] . After about one hour, a very small blue spot appears in the agar gel (Figure 3A1) that slowly grows over time only at the unprotected section of the rod (Figure 3A2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Chemotaxis of Magnesium Microswimmers for Corrosion Spotting

et al. 2021

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Numerous artificial micro‐ and nanomotors, as well as various swimmers have been inspired by living organisms that are able to move in a coordinated manner. Their cooperation has also gained a lot of attention because the resulting clusters are able to adapt to changes in their environment and to perform complex tasks. However, mimicking such a collective behavior remains a challenge. In the present work, magnesium microparticles are used as chemotactic swimmers with pronounced collective features, allowing the gradual formation of macroscopic agglomerates. The formed clusters act like a single swimmer able to follow pH gradients. This dynamic behavior can be used to spot localized corrosion events in a straightforward way. The autonomous docking of the swimmers to the corrosion site leads to the formation of a local protection layer, thus increasing corrosion resistance and triggering partial self‐healing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Chemotaxis of Magnesium Microswimmers for Corrosion Spotting

et al. 2021

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“…First invented in 2014, this relatively new method has been successfully used for this purpose on stainless austenitic, martensitic and duplex steels. [ 14,15,29–32 ] During the preparation process, the samples were wet‐ground with 180‐grit SiC paper, cleaned, dried in warm air and passivated at more than 95% relative humidity. For the experiment, KorroPads with a composition of 0.1 M NaCl and 1 mM K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and a diameter of 20 mm were placed on the surface for 15 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 18,19 ] Such locally depleted areas represent a weak link of the passive film and impair the corrosion resistance. [ 14,15,17 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the solution-annealed condition guarantees that the microstructure is free of secondary phases, such as Cr 2 N, M23C6 and σ-phase. [14][15][16][17] The formation of chromium-rich precipitates binds chromium or molybdenum and locally depletes the chromium from the surrounding local matrix. [18,19] Such locally depleted areas represent a weak link of the passive film and impair the corrosion resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18,19] Such locally depleted areas represent a weak link of the passive film and impair the corrosion resistance. [14,15,17] The breakdown of the passive layer and the associated reduction in the corrosion resistance due to the chromiumdepleted zones is referred as sensitisation. Both the degree of sensitisation and the resulting susceptibility to localised corrosion generally increase with the secondary phase fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application limits and sensitisation behaviour of the manganese‐ and nitrogen‐alloyed austenitic stainless steel P2000 (X13CrMnMoN18‐14‐3)

Kauss

Heyn

Michael

et al. 2021

Materials & Corrosion

Self Cite

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Nickel‐free high‐nitrogen‐alloyed stainless steels like the P2000 (X13CrMnMoN18‐14‐3) were developed to enhance the strength and corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels like 304 and 316 while keeping the typical high ductility. The mechanical and corrosive properties of P2000 were investigated and compared with 304 and 316 to highlight the application opportunities of this new alloy. The microstructure of the solution‐annealed condition was characterised by electron backscatter diffraction and the mechanical properties were studied by uniaxial tensile tests, Charpy impact tests and hardness measurements. The passivation behaviour was analysed using the electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation, whereas the pitting corrosion resistance was compared by pitting potentials and pitting temperatures. However, secondary thermal influences or suboptimal heat treatment can impair the corrosion resistance due to the precipitation of secondary phases and the resulting sensitisation. Thermodynamic calculations and artificial ageing treatment in the range of 500–900°C for up to 100 h were used to determine critical time–temperature parameters for sensitisation. The microstructure of the various aged states was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and compared with the degrading corrosion resistance characterised by the KorroPad method.

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Effect of Isothermal Treatment on Microstructure and Performance of Micro/Nanostructure 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Prepared by Aluminothermic Reaction

Zheng

Zhu

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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Using an appropriate heat treatment process to control the precipitation of the σ phase, while regulating the alloy structure and grain size, is one of the effective ways to obtain good comprehensive properties of duplex stainless steel (DSS). Herein, the feasibility and preparation parameters of micro/nanostructure 2205 DSS prepared by the aluminothermic reaction are explored. The microstructure and properties are further controlled by isothermal treatment at 1000 °C for a different time. The results show that the volume percentages of α and γ phases in the 1.0 h isothermal treated steel obtain a maximum value and a minimum value, corresponding to 60% and 36%, respectively. The evolution of microstructure with isothermal treatment also affects the content and morphology of the precipitated σ phase, which changes from continuous precipitation to granular precipitation at the α/γ phase boundaries, and its volume percentage obtains a minimum value when the isothermal treatment is performed for 1.0 h. With the increase of heat treatment time, the average grain size and volume fraction of nanocrystals increase gradually. Corresponding to the changes in microstructure and grain size, the maximum values of Vickers hardness and tensile properties of the alloy are obtained after 1.0 h isothermal treatment.

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Detection of sensitisation on aged lean duplex stainless steel with different electrochemical methods

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Cooperative Chemotaxis of Magnesium Microswimmers for Corrosion Spotting

Cooperative Chemotaxis of Magnesium Microswimmers for Corrosion Spotting

Application limits and sensitisation behaviour of the manganese‐ and nitrogen‐alloyed austenitic stainless steel P2000 (X13CrMnMoN18‐14‐3)

Effect of Isothermal Treatment on Microstructure and Performance of Micro/Nanostructure 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Prepared by Aluminothermic Reaction

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