Detection of scrub typhus by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoglobulin M ELISA among patients with acute febrile illness

Sankar, Sathish; Saravanan, Nithiyanandan; Rajendiran, Prashanth; Ramamurthy, Mageshbabu; Sasimohan, Archana; Vineeta, Vishnu; Varghese, George; Idikula, MercyJohn; Mv, Jesudason; Mangalakumar, RajaRajeswari; Nair, Aravindan; Babujanarthanam, Ranganathan; Nandagopal, Balaji; Sridharan, Gopalan

doi:10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_156_19

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In contrast to the above mentioned molecular approaches, real-time PCR-based methods are getting more attention now a day, due to their higher sensitivity, specificity and continuous monitoring capability of DNA amplification (Table 3). Real-time PCR-based detection methods of scrub typhus have already reported with targeted genes such as 47-kDa HtrA outer membrane protein gene (Saravanan et al 2020) or 16S rRNA gene (using hydrolysis probes) or the 60-kDa heat shock GroEL gene (using SYBR green) (Jiang et al 2004;Sonthayanon et al 2009;Paris et al 2009). However, a noble multiplex real-time PCR approach using several probes labeled with different fluorochromes was developed for the diagnosis of scrub typhus.…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of scrub typhus: recent advancements and challenges

et al. 2020

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Scrub typhus is a mite-borne, acute febrile illness caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is a re-emerging infectious disease of the tsutsugamushi triangle. Scrub typhus is transmitted through bites of contaminated chiggers (larval stage). Diagnosis of scrub typhus is challenging as its symptoms mimic with other acute febrile illnesses. Several methods are effectual for diagnosis of scrub typhus that includes enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), immunochromatographic test (ICT), Weil-Felix, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Weil-Felix test was initially used for the diagnosis of scrub typhus in underdeveloped countries but not preferred due to a lack of both specificity and sensitivity. Other immuno-based methods like IFA and ELISA are most outrank for detection of scrub typhus due to their higher sensitivity and specificity, but not vigorous to lay bare the infection at early stages and need the convalescent sampling for verification of positive samples. On another deed, PCR based methods becoming acceptable over era due to its dexterity of early-stage diagnosis with higher specificity and sensitivity but lack its applicability in circumstances of scrub typhus due to the variegated genetic makeup of Orientia tsutsugamushi among its serotypes. The present review focused on various detection methods along with their advantages and disadvantages used in the diagnosis of scrub typhus. A comparison between available methods of diagnosis with challenges in the detection of scrub typhus is also summarized.

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Section: Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of scrub typhus: recent advancements and challenges

et al. 2020

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“…45 Q PCR has been already reported with targets like-16S rRNA gene (using hydrolysis probes), 60-kDa heat shock GroEL gene and 47-kDa HtrA outer membrane protein gene. [46][47][48] Q PCR with 16S r RNA as the desired target has the highest sensitivity and accuracy compared to other targets and also when compared with Immunofluorescence assay for diagnosis. Specimens from which PCR can be done are eschar, whole blood, clots or buffy coat.…”

Section: Molecular Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising Menace of Scrub Typhus – Current Status and Challenges

Rout,

Praharaj,

Dalai

et al. 2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Scrub typhus, an age old disease, is caused by the intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. It has reemerged in recent years due to factors like climatic changes and human encroachment because of rampant urbanization. The disease is endemic in the area known as the ‘tsutsugamushi triangle’ and has recently spread its fangs into various other continents like South America and Africa. Although the disease is endemic in India, there is a lack of appropriate sero-epidemiology in community settings. It is one of the essential causes of acute undifferentiated fever in tropical locations and, if untreated, can cause mortality ranging from 2-30% of cases. Early diagnosis is an important parameter in administering the non beta-lactam regimen to prevent complications and mortality. Yet, there is a lack of accurate and rapid methods for diagnosis in the early stage of the disease, more so in rural areas where the disease is supposed to be predominant. The gold standard diagnostic test has its problems. Recently, there have been reports of drug resistance to the standard scrub typhus regimen. There is a gap of a decade in the research into this entity. Thus, a new look into the disease, its epidemiology and the challenges in its diagnostic scenario is an apt topic for discussion.

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Detection of scrub typhus by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoglobulin M ELISA among patients with acute febrile illness

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Diagnosis of scrub typhus: recent advancements and challenges

Diagnosis of scrub typhus: recent advancements and challenges

Rising Menace of Scrub Typhus – Current Status and Challenges

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