Detection of Scots Pine Single Seed in Optoelectronic System of Mobile Grader: Mathematical Modeling

Abstract

The development of mobile optoelectronic graders for separating viable seeds by spectrometric properties with high detection accuracy represents a very relevant direction of development for seed handling operations. Here, the main parameters of the radiation source and receiver for detecting a single seed in the diagnostic system of a mobile grader were modeled based on the principles of technical optics using Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds as a case study. Among the pine seeds in the seed batch, there are fossilized and empty seeds that are exactly the same in geometric and gravitational parameters as live seeds. For their separation from the seed batch, data from spectrometric studies in the near-infrared (980 nm) region can be used. To substantiate the parameters of the light source, a geometric optical model of optical beam formation was considered, while the energy model of optical beam formation was considered to substantiate the parameters of the light detector. The results of this study show that the signal value depended on the orientation of a single seed relative to the recording window. The beam angle from the radiation source should be within 45 degrees. The difference between the optical streams should be 50 microns, which made it possible to clearly detect the signal at a standard noise level of 15 microns and signal-to-noise detection accuracy ratio of 56.3 dB. This study expands theoretical knowledge in the field of the spectrometric properties of a single seed, considering the cases of its orientation relative to the optical beam, which affected the effective area of detection of the seed. The obtained data on the location of the main elements of the diagnostic system will speed up the design of mobile optoelectronic graders, and the development of a contemporary protocol for improving Scots pine seed quality.

The effect of low-intensive coherent seed irradiation on germinant growth of Scots pine and sugar beet

“…The results of irradiation by low-intensive coherent light compared to the control indicate the weak effect of this pretreatment on seed performance, but also the need for more comprehensive studies in the future. This will contribute to the improvement of existing designs of the mobile optoelectronic seed grader (Albekov et al 2018;Novikov et al 2021) in terms of implementing rapid analysis, separation and biophysical activation of seeds in one device, allowing reducing time and energy costs during seed processing.…”

“…For the experiment seeds from the seedlot were separated into three fractions according to their spectrometric properties. The optical criterion for seed separation in the wave range of 650-715 mm (Novikov et al 2021) is presented in Table 1.…”

Coat Colour Grading of the Scots Pine Seeds Collected from Faraway Provenances Reveals a Different Germination Effect

“…The basis for the study was the relatively small amount of data on germination in containers of Scots pine seeds separated using optical graders [24,25] by the seed coat colour and quantitative traits. Novikov et al [26], conducting theoretical studies of the single seed detection process of Scots pine, point out that «the seed spectrometric feature, both in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) regions has a low identification error [27], and is best suited for automating seed grading processes [28]».…”

The VIS-Spectrometric Data of Scots Pine Individual Seed Reveal Forecasting Potential for Container-Grown Germination and Seedling’s Dickson Quality Index

“…The accuracy of non-destructive [11][12][13] detection of forest seeds using electromagnetic waves from different regions increases with the assessment of each single seed [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] individually, determined by the focal distance [33] from the sensor to the place of reflection of the electromagnetic beam from the top of the seed coat [34]. At the same time, depending on the type and nature of exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the biophysical [13,35] (spectrometric) parameters of the seed correlate with different properties and indicators of a single seed [2,5,7,9,11,12,[12][13][14][15][16]21,[23][24][25][26][27][28]31,34,…”