Detection of Schistosoma DNA in genital specimens and urine: A comparison between five female African study populations originating from S. haematobium and/or S. mansoni endemic areas

Pillay, Pavitra; Downs, Jennifer A.; Changalucha, John; Brienen, Eric A. T.; Ramarokoto, Charles Emile; Leutscher, Peter Derek Christian; Vennervald, Birgitte J.; Taylor, Myra; Kjetland, Eyrun Floerecke; Lieshout, Lisette van

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105363

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Together, these studies further illustrate the limited performance of Schistosoma PCR in the absence of a reliable FGS reference standard [15].…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In an adolescent South African population (age range 15–23), CVL PCR was compared with urine microscopy, cervical visualization, and urogenital symptoms by latent class analysis with a sensitivity of 52.4% (33.2–73.6) and specificity of 42.4% (37.9–47.0) [ 21 ]. Together, these studies further illustrate the limited performance of Schistosoma PCR in the absence of a reliable FGS reference standard [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Also, concern that tissue biopsy, the proposed reference standard, may provide a means of entry for HIV-1 infection [4] has limited its use in FGS research. Given this theoretical risk, the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) has been advocated as an acceptable and less-invasive method of FGS diagnosis in research settings [8,12,14,15]. However, because CVL sampling requires a trained health professional, vaginal speculum insertion, and an intact cold chain, it is not likely scalable for population-based FGS surveillance.…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genital self-sampling compared with cervicovaginal lavage for the diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis in Zambian women: The BILHIV study

et al. 2020

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Background Given the potentially causal association of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) with HIV-1 infection, improved diagnostics are urgently needed to scale-up FGS surveillance. The BIL-HIV (bilharzia and HIV) study assessed the performance of home-based self-collection methods (cervical and vaginal swabs) compared to cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) for the detection of Schistosoma DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods Between January and August 2018, a consecutive series of female participants from the Population-Cohort of the previous HIV prevention trial HPTN 071 (PopART), resident in Livingstone, Zambia were invited to take part in BILHIV if they were 18-31 years old, non-pregnant and sexually active. Genital self-collected swabs and a urine specimen were obtained and a questionnaire completed at home visits. CVL was obtained at clinic follow-up. Results 603 women self-collected genital swabs. Of these, 527 women had CVL performed by a midwife during clinic follow-up. Schistosoma DNA was more frequently detected in genital self-collected specimens (24/603, 4.0%) compared to CVL (14/527, 2.7%). Overall, 5.0% (30/603) women had female genital schistosomiasis, defined as a positive PCR by any genital sampling method

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“…Together, these studies further illustrate the limited performance of Schistosoma PCR in the absence of a reliable FGS reference standard [15].…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genital self-sampling compared with cervicovaginal lavage for the diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis in Zambian women: The BILHIV study

et al. 2020

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“…A 2018 survey in KwaZulu-Natal recorded a prevalence of 1% for S. haematobium and 0.9% for S. mansoni among pre-SAC [ 291 ], while a cross-sectional study in 2017 determined 37.5% prevalence among SAC ( Table 2 ). Another study in 2014 recorded a high prevalence of 31.8% of S. haematobium prevalence among girls aged 10-12 years by urine microscopy [ 246 ], while a report published in 2020 recorded a slightly lower prevalence of 19.8% for S. haematobium using urine microscopy and 23.1% by qPCR among young women aged 16 to 23 years [ 223 ] ( Table 2 ). Swaziland and Zambia have high prevalence of S. haematobium, while both S. haematobium and S. mansoni are endemic in Zimbabwe, Namibia and Malawi ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: A Brief History Of Schistosomiasis In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis with a Focus on Africa

et al. 2021

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Schistosomiasis is a common neglected tropical disease of impoverished people and livestock in many developing countries in tropical Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Latin America. Substantial progress has been made in controlling schistosomiasis in some African countries, but the disease still prevails in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa with an estimated 800 million people at risk of infection. Current control strategies rely primarily on treatment with praziquantel, as no vaccine is available; however, treatment alone does not prevent reinfection. There has been emphasis on the use of integrated approaches in the control and elimination of the disease in recent years with the development of health infrastructure and health education. However, there is a need to evaluate the present status of African schistosomiasis, primarily caused by Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, and the factors affecting the disease as the basis for developing more effective control and elimination strategies in the future. This review provides an historical perspective of schistosomiasis in Africa and discusses the current status of control efforts in those countries where the disease is endemic.

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“…Obviously the first step is to diagnose the presence of schistosomiasis, but there is also a need for diagnostic procedures which can reveal the cause of the organspecific symptoms. Several studies have demonstrated that the detection of DNA in vaginal swabs, lavage and semen correlates well with the clinical presentation of genital schistosomiasis (103)(104)(105). In particular for FGS, this provides a sensitive and more standardized alternative to invasive diagnosis such as colposcopy examination (106,107).…”

Section: Genital Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 98%

Context-Specific Procedures for the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis – A Mini Review

Hoekstra¹,

Dam²,

Lieshout³

2021

Front. Trop. Dis

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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematode blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma, affecting over 250 million people mainly in the tropics. Clinically, the disease can present itself with acute symptoms, a stage which is relatively more common in naive travellers originating from non-endemic regions. It can also develop into chronic disease, with the outcome depending on the Schistosoma species involved, the duration and intensity of infection and several host-related factors. A range of diagnostic tests is available to determine Schistosoma infection, including microscopy, antibody detection, antigen detection using the Point-Of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) test and the Up-Converting Particle Lateral Flow Circulating Anodic Antigen (UCP-LF CAA) test, as well as Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) such as real-time PCR. In this mini review, we discuss these different diagnostic procedures and explore their most appropriate use in context-specific settings. With regard to endemic settings, diagnostic approaches are described based on their suitability for individual diagnosis, monitoring control programs, determining elimination as a public health problem and eventual interruption of transmission. For non-endemic settings, we summarize the most suitable diagnostic approaches for imported cases, either acute or chronic. Additionally, diagnostic options for disease-specific clinical presentations such as genital schistosomiasis and neuro-schistosomiasis are included. Finally, the specific role of diagnostic tests within research settings is described, including a controlled human schistosomiasis infection model and several clinical studies. In conclusion, context-specific settings have different requirements for a diagnostic test, stressing the importance of a well-considered decision of the most suitable diagnostic procedure.

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Detection of Schistosoma DNA in genital specimens and urine: A comparison between five female African study populations originating from S. haematobium and/or S. mansoni endemic areas

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Genital self-sampling compared with cervicovaginal lavage for the diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis in Zambian women: The BILHIV study

Genital self-sampling compared with cervicovaginal lavage for the diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis in Zambian women: The BILHIV study

Schistosomiasis with a Focus on Africa

Context-Specific Procedures for the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis – A Mini Review

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