Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Oral Fluid Obtained Using a Rapid Collection Device

MacMullan, Melanie A.; Chellamuthu, Prithivi; Mades, Aubree; Das, Sudipta Sekhar; Turner, Fred; Slepnev, Vladimir I.; Ibrayeva, Albina

doi:10.1128/jcm.02510-20

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We hypothesize that mRNA vaccines may elicit a strong antibody response in the upper respiratory tract at the sites where primary infection occurs and propagates, thereby preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. An earlier work from our group demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies targeting spike protein S1 and S2 can be reliably detected from self-collected oral fluid among participants previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (3). In the present study, we aimed to 1) assess whether SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies targeting the spike protein are detectable in self-collected oral and/or nasal mucosal following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination; and 2) quantify SARS-CoV- Enrolled participants provided oral fluid specimens on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 following their first vaccination dose, and days 5, 10, 15, and 20 following their second vaccination dose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Detection of persistent SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in oral mucosal fluid and upper respiratory tract specimens following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination

Mades¹,

Chellamathu²,

Lopez³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Previous studies have shown that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective at preventing SAR-CoV-2 infection by generating an immune response, which in part produces SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in serum. In this study, we hypothesized that COVID-19 vaccines may elicit production of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the upper respiratory tract, such as in oral and nasal mucosal fluid. To test that hypothesis, we enrolled 114 participants within 3-7 days of receiving the first dose of the Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and collected oral mucosal fluid samples on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 after each vaccine dose. Of participants naive to SARS-CoV-2 (n = 89), 79 (85.4%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by time point 2 (10 days +/-2 days after first vaccine dose), and 100% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG by time point 3 (15 days +/- 2 days after first vaccine dose). Additionally, we collected paired oral mucosal fluid and anterior nares samples from 10 participants who had received both vaccine doses. We found that participants had an average SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody concentration of 2496.0 +/- 2698.0ng/mL in nasal mucosal fluid versus 153.4 +/- 141.0ng/mL in oral mucosal fluid. Here, we demonstrate detection and longitudinal persistence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in upper respiratory tract specimens following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. A high concentration of IgG targeting viral spike protein in the upper respiratory system may play an unexplored role in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and deserves further investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Detection of persistent SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in oral mucosal fluid and upper respiratory tract specimens following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination

Mades¹,

Chellamathu²,

Lopez³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…This would potentially lead to a decrease in demand for medical personnel and alleviate some of the strain put on the healthcare system. OraSure Technologies, Inc. has already manufactured an oral antibody collection device (OACD) that meets EUA requirements and can be self-administered under healthcare worker guidance, making it useful when available phlebotomists are limited (18). Furthermore, this advantage could reduce the risk of exposure to healthcare workers, which was a concern when collecting whole blood for testing from patients during the pandemic.…”

Section: Saliva-based Elisasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva-Based ELISAs for Effective SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Monitoring in Vaccinated Individuals

et al. 2021

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In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency—the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Since then, the development and implementation of vaccines against the virus amidst emerging cases of re-infection has prompted researchers to work towards understanding how immunity develops and is sustained. Serological testing has been instrumental in monitoring the development and persistence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection, however inconsistencies in detection have been reported by different methods. As serological testing becomes more commonplace, it is important to establish widespread and repeatable processes for monitoring vaccine efficacy. Therefore, we present enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) compatible for antibody detection in saliva as highly accurate, efficacious, and scalable tools for studying the immune response in individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Figure 2 describes the DIVA strategy for the detection of anti-N antibodies, which are only elicited in individuals exposed to the whole SARS-CoV-2 virus, whereas anti-S antibodies can be detected in individuals who were previously vaccinated [ 92 ] (inactivated, mRNA, replication-incompetent vectors, or recombinant S protein vaccines) or exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, DIVA can be applied for antibody detection in oral fluids, which is convenient and feasible for specimen collection and can show high sensitivity and specificity if properly optimized [ 93 ].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Coronavirus Diseases: Parallels with COVID-19 in Humans

Lin

Chan

Ooi

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus in humans, has expanded globally over the past year. COVID-19 remains an important subject of intensive research owing to its huge impact on economic and public health globally. Based on historical archives, the first coronavirus-related disease recorded was possibly animal-related, a case of feline infectious peritonitis described as early as 1912. Despite over a century of documented coronaviruses in animals, the global animal industry still suffers from outbreaks. Knowledge and experience handling animal coronaviruses provide a valuable tool to complement our understanding of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we present an overview of coronaviruses, clinical signs, COVID-19 in animals, genome organization and recombination, immunopathogenesis, transmission, viral shedding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. By drawing parallels between COVID-19 in animals and humans, we provide perspectives on the pathophysiological mechanisms by which coronaviruses cause diseases in both animals and humans, providing a critical basis for the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics against these deadly viruses.

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Oral Fluid Obtained Using a Rapid Collection Device

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

Detection of persistent SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in oral mucosal fluid and upper respiratory tract specimens following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination

Detection of persistent SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in oral mucosal fluid and upper respiratory tract specimens following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination

Saliva-Based ELISAs for Effective SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Monitoring in Vaccinated Individuals

Animal Coronavirus Diseases: Parallels with COVID-19 in Humans

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