Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pediatric patients: An Iranian referral hospital-based study

Mamishi, Setareh; Esslami, Golnaz Ghazizadeh; Mohammadi, Mohsen; Abdolsalehi, Mohammad Reza; Sadeghi, Reihaneh Hosseinpour; Mahmoudi, Shima; Pourakbari, Babak

doi:10.3233/hab-210448

“…This observation underscores the dynamic nature of immune responses in pediatric COVID-19 cases and highlights the importance of longitudinal serological monitoring to capture changes in serostatus over time. This finding aligns with previous research indicating that antibody responses may take time to reach detectable levels, underscoring the importance of continued monitoring ( Mamishi et al, 2021 ; Oygar et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Post-discharge follow-up of pediatric COVID-19 patients: insights into serological dynamics

Mahmoudi,

Pourakbari,

Shahbabaie

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionLimited data are available regarding SARS-CoV-2 serological response dynamics in pediatric patients with COVID-19, contributing to gaps in our understanding of the immune response in this population. This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during hospitalization and 2–4 weeks after discharge.MethodsA cohort of patients, consisting of 31 individuals with confirmed acute COVID-19 infection and 27 diagnosed with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), was enrolled in the study. Follow-up clinic appointments were scheduled for 2–4 weeks post-discharge. During admission and follow-up, blood samples were collected from each patient for laboratory analysis. Anti-nucleoprotein SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were determined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method.ResultsIn this study, a cohort of 58 patients was examined. At admission, 52% (n = 14) of MIS-C patients and 10% (n = 3) of acute COVID-19 patients had positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG test. Only 48 cases were referred to the hospital, and follow-up data was available for 20 cases with MIS-C and 28 cases with acute COVID-19. All patients (n = 15) who initially tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG at admission remained positive serology during follow-up (100%). Among the 33 patients who initially tested negative, 12 (37.5%) showed a positive serology result during follow-up, while 21 (62.5%) remained negative. Within this subgroup, 11 cases (44%) were diagnosed with acute COVID-19, and one patient (12.5%) presented with MIS-C. Fourteen cases with acute COVID-19 infection (56%) and seven cases with MIS-C (87.5%) consistently showed negative serology results throughout the study. During follow-up, the median lymphocyte count demonstrated a significant difference, with 0.96 × 109 cells per L (IQR: 0.75–3.0 × 109 cells per L) in the SARS-CoV-2 IgG-negative group and 2.9 × 109 cells per L (IQR = 1.33–7.22 × 109 cells per L) in the SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive group (p-value = 0.03). Patients who demonstrated seropositivity during the follow-up were associated with a notably severe disease (p-value = 0.028).ConclusionOur study highlights the dynamic nature of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection. We observed a notable increase in seropositivity rates during follow-up. Furthermore, patients who were seropositive at follow-up demonstrated a severe disease course and lower lymphocyte counts compared to those with persistently negative serology. Our findings underscore the importance of longitudinal serological monitoring in understanding disease progression and immune response dynamics in pediatric COVID-19 cases.

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“…As reported in previous studies at our center [9,10], the chief complaints of most patients were fever (60%) and cough (40%). Most patients (53%) had positive radiologic findings (CT) in favor of COVID-19, 32% were normal, and 15% had no radiological evaluation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Alteration of Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Iranian Children with COVID-19

Shams

¹

,

Azari-Yam

²

,

Safavi

³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Pediatrics

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COVID-19 is an acute viral disease that has so far infected more than 200 million and killed more than four million worldwide. It affects the immune system and other organs. Here, we investigated the level of free plasma amino acids in COVID-19 patients and compared them with non-COVID-19 subjects. We also compared amino acids levels in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with non-ICU patients and expired and recovered patients. Twenty-six COVID-19 patients and 32 non-COVID-19 subjects were included in the study. The mean of glutamic acid, serine, glycine, threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, lysine, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, and ornithine was significantly higher in cases than controls. In addition, the mean of glutamine was significantly lower in patients than controls ( 443.89 ± 254.31 vs. 651.73 ± 107.38 , PV < 0.001 ). Low level of glutamine and isoleucine was seen in the majority of ICU and expired patients, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed low level of isoleucine as a predictor variable in mortality ( P = 0.02 , EXP B = 16.5 , and CI 95 % = 1.48 , − 183.07 ). There was a positive and significant relationship between some amino acids levels, serum liver enzymes, and sodium concentrations. There was also a significant but negative correlation between histidine levels, ESR, and ferritin. Phenylalanine had a highly positive relationship with serum procalcitonin in patients ( R 2 = 0.534 , PV = 0.015 ). Our studies have shown the alteration of plasma amino acids concentration in COVID-19 patients. These changes are more evident in critically ill and at-risk patients.

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“…using PrimeScript RT reagent kit (taKaRa, Japan) [ 33 ]. the cDNAs were subsequently used in routine PCR reactions, utilizing the specific primers targeting RBD domain (RBD_S_F: 5′- GGGCAAACTGGAAAGATTGCTGA-3′; RBD_S_R: 5′-TGTGTACAAAAACTGCCATATTGCA–3′).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and laboratory features of SARS-CoV-2 variants across multiple rounds of pandemic waves in hospitalized children in an Iranian referral hospital

Mahmoudi

¹

,

Pourakbari

²

,

Benvari

³

et al. 2023

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Background Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into independent new forms, variants of concern (VOCs). While epidemiological data showed increased transmissibility of VOCs, their impact on clinical outcomes is less clear. This study aimed to investigate the differences between the clinical and laboratory features of children infected with VOCs. Methods This study included all cases with SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from patients referred to Children’s Medical Center (CMC), an Iranian referral hospital, between July 2021 and March 2022. The inclusion criteria for this study included all patients, regardless of age, who had a positive test anywhere in the hospital setting. Exclusion criteria for the study included those whose data was obtained from non-hospital outpatient settings, or referred from another hospital. The SARS-CoV-2 genome area encoding the S1 domain was amplified and sequenced. The type of variant in each sample was identified based on the mutations in the S1 gene. Demographic characteristics, clinical data, and laboratory findings were collected from the patient’s medical records. Results This study included 87 pediatric cases with confirmed COVID-19, with a median age of 3.5 years (IQR: 1-8.12). Data from sequencing reveals the type of variants as 5 (5.7%) alpha, 53 (60.9%) Delta, and 29 (33.3%) Omicron. The incidence of seizure was higher in patients with Alpha and Omicron infection compared to the Delta group. A higher incidence of diarrhea was reported in Alpha-infected patients, and a higher risk of disease severity, distress, and myalgia was associated with Delta infection. Conclusion Laboratory parameters did not mostly differ among the patients infected with Alpha, Delta, and Omicron. However, these variants may manifest different clinical features. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to fully understand the clinical manifestations of each variant.

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pediatric patients: An Iranian referral hospital-based study

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Post-discharge follow-up of pediatric COVID-19 patients: insights into serological dynamics

Post-discharge follow-up of pediatric COVID-19 patients: insights into serological dynamics

Alteration of Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Iranian Children with COVID-19

Clinical and laboratory features of SARS-CoV-2 variants across multiple rounds of pandemic waves in hospitalized children in an Iranian referral hospital

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