Detection of Rotavirus and Adenovirus diarrhea in children below five years, in Dakshina Kannada District, a coastal region of Karnataka State, India

Shetty, Anil; Kalekhan, Faizan; Muthiravalapil, Sibin Jose; Boloor, Rekha; Antony, Beena

doi:10.4103/0975-9727.135749

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Vomiting was probably responsible for the moderate and severe dehydration (60% patients), common in rotavirus illness making oral intake impossible. This was also observed by other authors 1,3,12,13,14,16 . Respiratory symptoms were observed in 60% of our patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Diarrhoea in north Karnataka: Rotavirus versus non-rotavirus

Patil

Lakhkar

Kalyanshettr

2018

Sri Lanka J Child Health

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Background: As children with diarrhoea are often prescribed antibiotics, it was decided to study the causative organisms. Rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhoea and diarrhoea related mortality in most parts of India. Rotavirus vaccine is available but expensive. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) the vaccine should be used in areas where diarrhoea related under five mortality is around 10%. The situation in north Karnataka is not known. Objectives: To find proportions of rotavirus and nonrotavirus diarrhoea in children of north Karnataka and study the key clinical features of rotavirus diarrhoea. Study design and settings: Prospective observational study conducted in patients from the paediatric ward and outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital. Method: Children 1 to 36 months old, presenting with acute diarrhoea from July 2014 to May 2016 and fulfilling selection criteria were included. Demographic and clinical details were noted. Stools were collected within 24 hours and subjected to routine and microscopic examination, test for presence of reducing substance, bacterial culture and Rapid ELISA test for rotavirus using antigen detection micro-well ELISA kit by Premere Rotaclone. Results: A total of 168 children was recruited. Children positive for rotavirus ELISA were labelled as having rotavirus diarrhoea and comprised 52 (31%) of total, including 17 with mixed infection and 15% were bacterial culture positive. Most common age group affected was 7 to 18 months (79%). Male female ratio was same in rotavirus and non-rotavirus diarrhoea.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The prevalence of rotavirus among all diarrhoeal causes has not been studied in Karnataka after 2002, to the best of our knowledge. Some anecdotal studies have reported 19.5% to 28% prevalence in south Karnataka 3,4 . Prevalence in North Karnataka has not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrhoea in north Karnataka: Rotavirus versus non-rotavirus

Patil

Lakhkar

Kalyanshettr

2018

Sri Lanka J Child Health

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“…Rotavirus was responsible for a significant proportion (35.66%) of acute gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years in this study. This finding is comparable with reports obtained by EI Qazoui et al 25 (26.6%) and Shetty et al 26 (28.57%). Adenoviruses accounted for 2.86% of acute gastroenteritis cases in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparative Analysis of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunochromatography for Rotavirus and Adenovirus Detection in Children below Five Years with Acute Gastroenteritis

et al. 2022

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Introduction The most frequent etiologies of viral gastroenteritis among young children are rotavirus and enteric adenovirus. The clinical signs and symptoms of viral gastroenteritis are not distinct enough to allow for diagnosis. For the diagnosis and treatment of acute gastroenteritis, it is preferable to use quick, simple, and low-cost procedures. This study was undertaken to determine efficacy of immune-chromatography test (ICT) in comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect rotavirus and adenovirus antigen in fecal specimen among children less than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis. Materials and Methods In a cross-sectional observational study, 314 fecal samples were collected from children aged less than 5 years with acute gastroenteritis attending or admitted to a tertiary care hospital during the 1 year study period. Samples were tested for rotavirus and adenovirus antigen using ICT and ELISA. Results Among the 314 children evaluated, 112 (35.66%) had rotavirus infection, nine (2.86%) had adenovirus infection, and three (0.95%) had both rotavirus and adenovirus infection. This study found that ICT is 98.20% sensitive and 100% specific for the diagnosis of rotaviral diarrhea and 100% sensitive and 99.7% specific for adenovirus diarrhea, compared to ELISA. Conclusion Immunochromatography tests used for the detection of rotavirus and adenovirus in the fecal sample showed a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The ICT is easy to perform and rapid, and it does not require any special equipment. Hence, the ICT could be used as an alternative method for detecting viral pathogens in clinical practice.

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“…Viruses are the most common cause of diarrhea in children. After rotavirus, enteric adenovirus is assumed as an important cause of viral diarrhea leading to noticeable deaths in children in many countries [ 14 ]. Among different types of HA, adenoviruses types 40 and 41 are one of the most common etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis among infants and young children less than two years of age [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Enteric Adenovirus Gastroenteritis in under-Five-Year-Old Children in Iran

Dashti

Ghahremani

Hashempoor

et al. 2016

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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Background. Acute gastroenteritis is one of the major sources of morbidity and mortality among young children in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of human adenovirus- (HAdV-) 40 and HAdV-41 in children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in five different health centers of Iran. Methods. In a cross-sectional epidemiological study, we studied 2682 fecal specimens that were collected from children under the age of 5 years in five educational and therapeutic pediatric centers in Iran from February 2012 to February 2013. Samples were tested for HAdV-40 and HAdV-41, using a specific pair of primers in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results. HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 were detected in 132 (5.18%) of the patients with diarrhea. A significantly higher prevalence of HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 (58.3%) was observed in children under 12 months of age, compared to other age groups. The male to female ratio was 1.7. Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrated that HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 could be considered etiological agents for acute gastroenteritis among children in Iran. The PCR as a rapid test may increase the chance for a relatively mild course of the disease followed by a complete recovery and avoiding administration of unnecessary antibiotics.

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Detection of Rotavirus and Adenovirus diarrhea in children below five years, in Dakshina Kannada District, a coastal region of Karnataka State, India

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Diarrhoea in north Karnataka: Rotavirus versus non-rotavirus

Diarrhoea in north Karnataka: Rotavirus versus non-rotavirus

Comparative Analysis of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunochromatography for Rotavirus and Adenovirus Detection in Children below Five Years with Acute Gastroenteritis

Molecular Epidemiology of Enteric Adenovirus Gastroenteritis in under-Five-Year-Old Children in Iran

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