Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Nasal Secretions from Infants by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Chao, Ru Kwa; Fishaut, Mark; Schwartzman, Joseph D.; McIntosh, Kenneth

doi:10.1093/infdis/139.4.483

Cited by 95 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The results of the present and earlier studies (Sarkkinen et al, 1981 a, b), and the results of other groups (Chao et al, 1979;Berg et aL, 1980) indicate that at least adenovirus, influenza A and B virus, parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 3, and respiratory syncytial virus antigens can be detected directly from the nasopharyngeal specimens of patients with acute respiratory infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Solid-phase enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods offer an alternative way of detecting viral antigens from clinical specimens and have been applied with great success in the detection of gastroenteritis viruses (Yolken et al, 1977;Sarkkinen et al, 1979;Halonen et al, 1980) and hepatitis A and B viruses (Purcell et al, 1973;Mathiesen et al, 1978). The recent work done in our laboratory (Sarkkinen et al, 1981 a, b) and in other laboratories (Chao et al, 1979;Berg et al, 1980) has indicated that the solid-phase immunoassays can be applied also in the detection of respiratory viruses as well. In the present study solid-phase EIA and RIA methods were applied for the detection of parainfluenza type 1, 2 and 3 virus antigens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Type-specific Detection of Parainfluenza Viruses by Enzyme-immunoassay and Radioimmunoassay in Nasopharyngeal Specimens of Patients with Acute Respiratory Disease

Sarkkinen¹,

Halonen²,

Salmi³

1981

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYA four-layer solid phase enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques were applied for the type-specific detection of parainfluenza type 1, 2 and 3 virus antigens in sonicated nasopharyngeal specimens of patients with acute respiratory disease. Guinea-pig antiviral immunoglobulins on solid phase were used as the capture antibodies, rabbit antiviral immunoglobulins as the secondary antibodies, and horseradish peroxidase-labelled swine anti-rabbit immunoglobulins (EIA), or x25I-labelled sheep anti-rabbit IgG (RIA) as the indicator antibodies. A total of 174 nasopharyngeal specimens collected by mucus extractor were tested, and the results were compared with those obtained by a routinely used immunofluorescence (IF) technique. The same number of positive specimens were achieved by the EIA and the RIA and 3/4, 4/4 and 19/20 immunofluorescence (IF)-positive nasopharyngeal specimens were positive by the parainfluenza type 1, 2 and 3 immunoassays respectively. In addition, four parainfluenza type 1 and three parainfluenza type 3 virus-positive specimens were found by the immunoassays out of 146 parainfluenza IF-negative specimens. The type-specificities of the parainfluenza immunoassays were confirmed by showing that no cross-reactions occurred when purified immunizing antigens and the EIA-and RIA-positive clinical specimens were cross-tested. The results indicate that parainfluenza type-specific antigens can be detected directly in nasopharyngeal specimens by the immunoassays and the preliminary findings with a small number of positive specimens suggest that these assays have a diagnostic potential which is similar or slightly better than the IF techniques.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Type-specific Detection of Parainfluenza Viruses by Enzyme-immunoassay and Radioimmunoassay in Nasopharyngeal Specimens of Patients with Acute Respiratory Disease

Sarkkinen¹,

Halonen²,

Salmi³

1981

Journal of General Virology

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“…Latent viruses, such as HSVs and CMV, are commonly reactivated and may produce chronic infections (40,108,109). Adenovirus infections also become prolonged and may result in serious disease (54,116 (58) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (8,16,85,86,114). More recently, the shell vial technique, which was originally described for the rapid identification of CMV (27), has been used for the diagnosis of respiratory viruses (18,49,57,69,78,89 (94), and one study observed greater than 35% mixed infections in patients with viral infections (112); the total number of positive specimens in these studies was small, 21 and 17, respectively.…”

Section: Mixed Viral Infections In Immunodeficient Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed viral infections: detection and management

Waner

1994

Clin Microbiol Rev

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An analysis was done of the incidence and nature of mixed virus infections diagnosed in the same clinical specimen from immunocompetent patients; respiratory viruses were emphasized. Few studies have addressed mixed viral infections in any systematic fashion. The relevant studies reviewed focused on clinical relationships or diagnostic methods. Data relating to multiple infections were usually derived incidentally to the purpose of the investigations. Sixty-three percent of the reports with data on mixed infections identified them in < 5% of the total number of viral infections. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most common coinfecting virus, and respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus were the most common virus pair identified. In considering rapid diagnostic techniques, in 87% of the reports with available data a virus was diagnosed in > 10% of specimens that were negative for the virus targeted by one method. There was no indication that mixed infections were associated with increased disease in immunocompetent patients or in certain immunocompromised patients. Immunocompromised patients, however, appeared to have a greater incidence of multiple infections. Mixed infections of single cells also occur and may have important clinical implications relative to reactivation of latent viruses and enhanced disease. The requirement for a comprehensive strategy for viral diagnosis involving multiple techniques was indicated by these findings.

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“…Sensitive ELISAs have been developed for detection of Haemophilus influenzae (11,37,145), Streptococcus pneumoniae (62,145), and Neisseria meningitidis (145) antigens in clinical specimens, using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. Various enzyme immunoassays have also been developed for detection of viral and bacterial antigens in respiratory secretions (2,27,101,171), cerebrospinal fluid (152), and endocervical and urethral specimens (122,152). Rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus in nasal secretions from infants and young children by ELISA has been carried out by several laboratories (19,63,72).…”

Section: Detection Of B Pertussis Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis: the disease and new diagnostic methods

Friedman

1988

Clin Microbiol Rev

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Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, produces an acute and chronic respiratory infection in infants and young children. B. pertussis is still a major health problem of young children throughout the world even though effective immunization against whooping cough is available. While predominantly a childhood disease, it has been reported also to be a cause of persistent cough in adults. This review discusses the numerous bacterial virulence factors that may play roles in the pathogenesis of pertussis and in immunity to infection. The present problems with pertussis diagnosis, recent advances, and future prospects for new and improved rapid diagnostics tests also are explored.

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Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Nasal Secretions from Infants by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Cited by 95 publications

References 9 publications

Type-specific Detection of Parainfluenza Viruses by Enzyme-immunoassay and Radioimmunoassay in Nasopharyngeal Specimens of Patients with Acute Respiratory Disease

Type-specific Detection of Parainfluenza Viruses by Enzyme-immunoassay and Radioimmunoassay in Nasopharyngeal Specimens of Patients with Acute Respiratory Disease

Mixed viral infections: detection and management

Pertussis: the disease and new diagnostic methods

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