Detection of residual traces of explosives by surface enhanced Raman scattering using gold coated substrates produced by nanospheres imprint technique

Determination of Band Structure Parameters and the Quasi‐Particle Gap of CdSe Quantum Dots by Cyclic Voltammetry

“…Since only the vibrational modes of analyte moieties adsorbed on the Au surface are enhanced, there are typically fewer peaks in the SERS spectrum than in the conventional Raman spectrum (without using gold as an SERS substrate). This observation is consistent with those reported in the literature 19, 37, 38. The typical Raman bands assignments of RDX are as follows: the band at 874 cm −1 is attributed to the symmetric ring‐breathing mode; the band at 930 cm −1 is assigned to ring stretching and NO deformation; the band at 1258 cm −1 is due to CH 2 scissoring and NN stretch vibration;37 the band at 1312 cm −1 results from CH 2 wagging; the band at 1370 cm −1 is υNO 2 symmetric stretching vibration and βCH 2 scissoring; finally, the band at 1560 cm −1 is attributed to the υNO 2 asymmetric stretch in nitro amines 37, 38…”

“…The band area increased linearly with RDX concentration throughout this range, but linearity was lost when the RDX concentration exceeded 5 × 10 −5 M . This detection limit (1 × 10 −6 M or 0.22 mg/l) is more than two orders of magnitude lower than that previously reported in the literature (4.5 × 10 −4 M or 100 mg/l) using SERS analysis 19. However, we note that the previous study19 used a gold‐coated polystyrene nanosphere film as the SERS substrate and data were recorded using a portable Raman spectrometer.…”

“…The potential of SERS for trace analysis of explosives has been explored in recent years 7, 8, 11, 19. In an early study, Kneipp et al 7 reported a minimum detection limit of 10 −7 M for trinitrotoluene (TNT) adsorbed on gold and silver nanoparticles in laboratory‐prepared solutions.…”

“…SERS was also found to be applicable for detecting the chemical vapor signature emanating from buried TNT‐based landmines at a concentration level of 5 µg/l using a flow‐through probe head design and electrochemically etched gold substrates 8. Gold substrates produced by a nanosphere imprinting technique were recently shown to be applicable not only for SERS detection of TNT but also for detection of RDX and cyclotetra‐methylene‐tetranitramine (HMX) at 4.5 × 10 −4 M for both nitramines 19. While the SERS technique shows great promise for detection of explosives, most of these previous studies were performed in laboratory‐prepared solutions rather than in environmental samples.…”

Derivation of the Effective Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations for Dark and Power Law Spatial Plasmon-Polariton Solitons Using Nano Self-Focusing

“…SPPs support phenomena such as Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), fluorescence, enhanced nanoscale transmission, and second harmonic generation in metals from subwavelength slits. These surface plasmons (SPs) are the key in the development of nanoantennas and platforms for sensing biological and chemical agents [12][13][14]. Nonlinearity plays important role in increasing efficiency of nanocircuit and waveguide applications.…”