Detection of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in commercial honey using liquid chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry

Griffin, Caroline T.; Danaher, Martin; Elliott, Christopher T.; Kennedy, D. G.; Furey, Ambrose

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.112

Cited by 85 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As pyrrolizidine alkaloids are polar compounds for dilution of honey samples, 0.05 M sulfuric acid has been mostly used (Kempf et al 2008;Cramer and Beuerle 2012;Griffin et al 2013); only in one study 0.5 M sulfuric acid was applied (Orantes-Bermejo et al 2013). However, in a previously conducted study, 1 M hydrochloric acid was chosen as the most effective extraction solvent of PAs from feed materials (Kowalczyk and Kwiatek 2017); for this reason, HCl solutions were also tested for honey matrix.…”

Section: Methods Development and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Honey with Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method

2017

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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary metabolites produced by plants as a chemical defense against herbivores. Plants containing PAs are widely distributed in almost all geographical regions posing a risk of honey contamination. To provide safety of honey and decrease the potential risk for the consumers, a sensitive method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry enabling determination of a content of 1,2-unsaturated PAs in honey was developed. Honey samples were purified on MCX cartridges, and PAs were eluted with a solvent mixture consisting of ethyl acetate, methanol, ammonia, and triethylamine. Subsequently, 1,2-unsaturated alkaloids were reduced to their common backbone structures and derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. The method was validated according to SANTE 2015. All received parameters are in consistence with the document requirements as recovery ranged from 73.1 to 93.6%. The repeatability and reproducibility were calculated as relative standard deviation and ranged from 3.9 to 8.6% and from 10.6 to 17.8%, respectively. The limit of quantification was determined as 1 μg kg −1. Good linearity of the method was obtained with the coefficient of determination R 2 > 0.99. The method was applied to 40 Polish and 14 Asian honey sample analyses.

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Section: Methods Development and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Honey with Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method

2017

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“…The N-oxides of this class are polar, water soluble, non-volatile and thermally labile. Thus, the application of LC-MS to the analysis of PA N-oxides has become a widely applied method [64,177,199,209,210], for example, in honey samples.…”

Section: Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (Lc-ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties

2014

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Among the diversity of secondary metabolites which are produced by plants as means of defence against herbivores and microbes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common in Boraginaceae, Asteraceae and some other plant families. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are infamous as toxic compounds which can alkylate DNA und thus cause mutations and even cancer in herbivores and humans. Almost all genera of the family Boraginaceae synthesize and store this type of alkaloids. This review reports the available information on the present status (literature up to early 2014) of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the Boraginaceae and summarizes the topics structure, distribution, chemistry, chemotaxonomic significance, and biological properties.

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“…Despite PA serious, well-known toxic effects and the fact that European Commission have regulated the contents of PA-containing plants and plant parts in feed (EC, 2002b), there are still no maximum residue limits (MRLs) for individual PAs in food or feed (Griffin, Danaher, Elliott, Glenn, & Furey, 2013 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published a scientific opinion on PAs in food and feed recommending the ongoing collection of analytical data on the occurrence of PAs in relevant commodities. The EFSA also pointed out the need for a larger and more diverse set of certified reference standards which are necessary to improve analytical methods (EFSA, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, methods based on LC-MS have been proven to be highly beneficial for the detection of PAs in honey (Crews, Startin, & Clarke, 1997;Dübecke, Beckh, & Lüllmann, 2011;Griffin et al, 2013;Martinello, Cristofoli, Gallina, & Mutinelli, 2014) or in complex matrices such as plant materials (Avula et al, 2012;Cheng et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2008;Zhou et al, 2010). Another method using LC coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry has been published to determine PAs and other natural toxins in food and feed (Mol, Van Dam, Zomer, & Mulder, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UPLC–MS/MS method for determination of selected pyrrolizidine alkaloids in feed

et al. 2015

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Detection of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in commercial honey using liquid chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry

Cited by 85 publications

References 20 publications

Determination of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Honey with Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method

Determination of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Honey with Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method

Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties

UPLC–MS/MS method for determination of selected pyrrolizidine alkaloids in feed

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