Detection of Prostate Cancer Following Gender Reassignment

Molokwu, Chidi N.; Appelbaum, Jonathan; Miksad, Rebecca A.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07394_4.x

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…While there have been multiple case reports of prostate cancer among transgender women [38,39], a Dutch retrospective chart review of 2306 orchidectomized transgender women reported an overall incidence of prostate cancer of 0.04%, limited by decreased screening and the young average age of 29.3 at the start of feminizing therapy with hormones and then surgery [40]. While transgender men have presented with ovarian, uterine and cervical cancers [41,42], there is no current evidence to suggest that the rates of these conditions among transgender men are higher than the background rate in nontransgender women [7,20].…”

Section: Research To Datementioning

confidence: 99%

Priorities for transgender medical and healthcare research

Feldman

Brown

Deutsch

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes &Amp; Obesity

122

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Purpose of Review Transgender individuals experience unique health disparities but are the subject of little focused health research. This manuscript reviews current literature on transgender medical and mental health outcomes and proposes research priorities to address knowledge gaps. Recent Findings Published research in transgender health care consists primarily of case reports, retrospective and cross-sectional studies, involving largely European settings. Challenges to US-based transgender health research include a diverse population where no single center has sufficient patient base to conduct clinical research with statistical rigor. Treatment regimens are heterogeneous and warrant study for best practices. Current research suggests increased mortality and depression in transgender individuals not receiving optimal care, and possibly a modest increase in cardiovascular risk related to hormone therapy. Current evidence does not support concerns for hormone related malignancy risk. Summary The priorities for transgender medical outcomes research should be to determine health disparities and co-morbid health conditions over the life span, along with the effects of mental health, medical, and surgical interventions on morbidity and mortality. Specific outcomes of interest based on frequency in the literature, potential severity of outcome, and patient-centered interest, include affective disorders, cardiovascular disease, malignancies, fertility, and time-dose related responses of specific interventions.

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Section: Research To Datementioning

confidence: 99%

Priorities for transgender medical and healthcare research

Feldman

Brown

Deutsch

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes &Amp; Obesity

122

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“…[40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Characteristics of prostate cancer cases reported among transwomen are summarized in the Table. Of the 3 cases with known Gleason scores, all had scores of 7 or higher. In 5 cases, the cancer had metastasized either at the time of diagnosis or following treatment.…”

Section: Gay Bisexual and Transgender Persons-a Large And Understudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of advanced prostate cancer: Overview of known and less explored disparities in prostate cancer prognosis

Holz¹,

Goodman²

2015

Current Problems in Cancer

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“…Whereas cancer among transgender people is listed among research priorities (10), most of the concerns pertaining to the occurrence and outcomes of malignant tumors in this population are based on anecdotal evidence or on the general considerations of possible disease mechanisms (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). The high quality empirical data assessing cancer incidence and mortality among transgender people are lacking primarily because of an absence of large-scale prospective studies of this population (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer in Transgender People: Evidence and Methodological Considerations

Braun

Nash

Tangpricha

et al. 2017

Epidemiologic Reviews

167

122

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Transgender people comprise a diverse group of individuals whose gender identity or expression differs from that originally assigned to them at birth. Some, but not all, transgender people elect to undergo medical gender affirmation, which may include therapy with cross-sex hormones and/or surgical change of the genitalia and other sex characteristics. As cross-sex hormones administered for the purposes of gender affirmation may be delivered at high doses and over a period of decades, the carcinogenicity of hormonal therapy in transgender people is an area of considerable concern. In addition, concerns about cancer risk in transgender patients have been linked to sexually transmitted infections, increased exposure to well-known risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use, and the lack of adequate access to screening. Several publications have identified cancer as an important priority in transgender health research and called for large-scale studies. The goals of this article are to summarize the evidence on factors that may differentially affect cancer risk in transgender people, assess the relevant cancer surveillance and epidemiologic data available to date, and offer an overview of possible methodological considerations for future studies investigating cancer incidence and mortality in this population.

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Detection of Prostate Cancer Following Gender Reassignment

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Priorities for transgender medical and healthcare research

Priorities for transgender medical and healthcare research

Epidemiology of advanced prostate cancer: Overview of known and less explored disparities in prostate cancer prognosis

Cancer in Transgender People: Evidence and Methodological Considerations

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