“…To measure AA-dimensions on inspiratory scans we used automatic artificial intelligence(AI) based software (LungQ-AA v2.1-rc, Thirona B.V., Nijmegen, the Netherlands) [22,23]. LungQ software is trained with a large variety of datasets of inspiratory and expiratory CTs to ensure robust performance against variation in patient characteristics (age, gender, BMI), variation in disease populations (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, CF, interstitial lung disease, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, COVID-19) ,and variation in image characteristics (manufacturer, dose, convolutional kernel, voxel spacing).…”