Detection of primary and metastatic lesions by [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose PET in a patient with thymic carcinoid

Fujishita, Takashi; Kishida, Mika; Taki, Hirofumi; Shinoda, Chie; Miyabayashi, Koutarou; Fujishita, Masayo; Maruyama, Muneharu; Mizushima, Yutaka; Kobayashi, Masashi

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2007.01161.x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Thymic carcinoma has higher uptake than other better differentiated thymic epithelial tumors, as well as normal or hyperplastic thymus [23]. Using an SUV cut-off point of 5.0 high sensitivity (84.6%) and specificity (92.3%) can be achieved when trying to distinguish between thymic carcinoma and thymoma [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymoma calcification: Is it clinically meaningful?

et al. 2011

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Among anterior mediastinal lesions, thymoma is the most common. Thymomas are tumors of thymic epithelial cell origin that are distinguished by inconsistent histological and biologic behavior. Chest imaging studies typically show a round or lobulated tumor in the anterior mediastinum. Calcifications in thymomas are classically punctuate or amorphous, positioned within the lesion. Chest computed tomography (CT) features suggesting higher risk thymoma consist of tumor heterogeneity, vascular involvement, lobulation, pulmonary nodules, lymphadenopathy, and pleural manifestations. Imaging findings have an imperfect ability to predict stage and prognosis for thymoma patients. Our objective is to highlight the clinical implications of thymoma calcifications on the diagnosis, clinical manifestation and prognosis. A pubmed and google search was performed using the following words: thymoma calcification, calcified thymus, mediastinal calcification, anterior mediastinal calcification, and calcified thymoma. After reviewing 370 articles, 32 eligible articles describing thymoma calcifications were found and included in this review. Although the presence of thymus calcifications was more common in patients with invasive thymomas, they were present in significant portion of non-invasive thymomas. The presence of calcifications was not a significant factor in differentiating between benign and malignant thymoma. As a result, the type, location, size or other characteristics of thymus gland calcifications were not relevant features in clinical and radiologic diagnosis of thymoma. The histopathological diagnosis is still the only possible way to confirm the neoplastic nature of thymoma. All types of thymomas should be evaluated and managed independently of the presence of calcifications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymoma calcification: Is it clinically meaningful?

et al. 2011

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“…9 In the present case, it was also highly effective for detecting distant metastases, even in the myocardium, which shows rich physiological accumulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Atypical carcinoid of thymus associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1

Otake

Aoki

Nakanishi

et al. 2010

Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg

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Thymic carcinoid associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN-1) is a rare tumor. We report a case of MEN-1-related thymic carcinoid. The patient reported herein had already been diagnosed with MEN-1 and was found to have a mediastinal mass. She underwent thymectomy with partial resection of the left innominate vein and lung. Histological examination revealed atypical carcinoid with infi ltration. MEN-1 gene mutation was detected by employing the direct nucleotide sequencing method. Postoperative 2-fl uoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed probable multiple metastases in the vertebrae and myocardium. However, she has been alive and asymptomatic for 2 years postoperatively. MEN-1-related thymic carcinoid is often insidious with a poor prognosis. We suggest chest computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging for MEN-1 patients and serological or genetic screening for patients with thymic carcinoid to screen for MEN-1.

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“…FDG was able to accurately stage one patient with lymph node and bone metastases, which were not visible either on MIBG or on bone scintigraphies [118], and to restage a recurrent thymic NET with multiple bone metastases which were not visible on bone scintigraphy [119]. In contrast, SRPET did not show any thymic NET in the four cases of another series [120].…”

Section: “Carcinoids” or “Endocrine Small Cell” Or “Oat Cell” Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

18F-Fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine vs other radiopharmaceuticals for imaging neuroendocrine tumours according to their type

Balogova

Talbot

Nataf

et al. 2013

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

112

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6-Fluoro-(18F)-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (FDOPA) is an amino acid analogue for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging which has been registered since 2006 in several European Union (EU) countries and by several pharmaceutical firms. Neuroendocrine tumour (NET) imaging is part of its registered indications. NET functional imaging is a very competitive niche, competitors of FDOPA being two well-established radiopharmaceuticals for scintigraphy, 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and 111In-pentetreotide, and even more radiopharmaceuticals for PET, including fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and somatostatin analogues. Nevertheless, there is no universal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or PET tracer for NET imaging, at least for the moment. FDOPA, as the other PET tracers, is superior in diagnostic performance in a limited number of precise NET types which are currently medullary thyroid cancer, catecholamine-producing tumours with a low aggressiveness and well-differentiated carcinoid tumours of the midgut, and in cases of congenital hyperinsulinism. This article reports on diagnostic performance and impact on management of FDOPA according to the NET type, emphasising the results of comparative studies with other radiopharmaceuticals. By pooling the results of the published studies with a defined standard of truth, patient-based sensitivity to detect recurrent medullary thyroid cancer was 70 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 62.1–77.6] for FDOPA vs 44 % (95 % CI 35–53.4) for FDG; patient-based sensitivity to detect phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma was 94 % (95 % CI 91.4–97.1) for FDOPA vs 69 % (95 % CI 60.2–77.1) for 123I-MIBG; and patient-based sensitivity to detect midgut NET was 89 % (95 % CI 80.3–95.3) for FDOPA vs 80 % (95 % CI 69.2–88.4) for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with a larger gap in lesion-based sensitivity (97 vs 49 %). Previously unpublished FDOPA results from our team are reported in some rare NET, such as small cell prostate cancer, or in emerging indications, such as metastatic NET of unknown primary (CUP-NET) or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ectopic production. An evidence-based strategy in NET functional imaging is as yet affected by a low number of comparative studies. Then the suggested diagnostic trees, being a consequence of the analysis of present data, could be modified, for some indications, by a wider experience mainly involving face-to-face studies comparing FDOPA and 68Ga-labelled peptides.

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Detection of primary and metastatic lesions by [¹⁸F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose PET in a patient with thymic carcinoid

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Thymoma calcification: Is it clinically meaningful?

Thymoma calcification: Is it clinically meaningful?

Atypical carcinoid of thymus associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1

18F-Fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine vs other radiopharmaceuticals for imaging neuroendocrine tumours according to their type

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Detection of primary and metastatic lesions by [18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose PET in a patient with thymic carcinoid

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Thymoma calcification: Is it clinically meaningful?

Thymoma calcification: Is it clinically meaningful?

Atypical carcinoid of thymus associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1

18F-Fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine vs other radiopharmaceuticals for imaging neuroendocrine tumours according to their type

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Detection of primary and metastatic lesions by [¹⁸F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose PET in a patient with thymic carcinoid