Detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from wild boars in central Italy

Petrini, Stefano; Barocci, Simone; Gavaudan, Stefano; Villa, Riccardo; Briscolini, S.; M, Sabbatini; Mattozzi, C.; Barchiesi, Francesco; Salamida, Sonia; Ferrari, M; Paniccià, Marta; Pezzotti, Giovanni

doi:10.1007/s10344-009-0262-7

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A similar scenario was previously described for the other major swine circovirus, PCV‐2, whose prevalence in wild animals approximately overlaps the domestic pig one, even if relevant differences among‐countries were observed (Ruiz‐Fons et al., ; Vicente et al., ). However, differently from PCV‐2, which was reported to be responsible for clinically relevant disease also in wild populations (Petrini et al., ; Ruiz‐Fons et al., ; Vicente et al., ), no significant evidences of PCV‐3 associated diseases were found in the present study ( p = 0.15), being almost all considered animals healthy and in good conditions, irrespective of the PCV‐3 infections. Although the only two animals in poor conditions were PCV‐3 positive, the detected viral titres were low (i.e.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 85%

First report of wild boar susceptibility to Porcine circovirus type 3: High prevalence in the Colli Euganei Regional Park (Italy) in the absence of clinical signs

Franzo

Tucciarone

Drigo

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The genus Circovirus includes one of the most relevant infectious agents affecting domestic pigs, Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). The wild boar susceptibility to this pathogen has also been demonstrated although the actual epidemiological role of wild populations is still debated. In recent times, a new circovirus, Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3), has been discovered and reported in the presence of several clinical conditions. However, no information is currently available about PCV-3 circulation and prevalence in wild boar. To fill this gap, 187 wild boar serum samples were collected in the Colli Euganei Regional Park (Northern Italy) and screened for PCV-3, demonstrating a high viral prevalence (approximately 30%). No gender differences were demonstrated while a lower infection prevalence was observed in animals younger than 12 months compared to older ones, differently from what described in commercial pigs. Almost all sampled animals were in good health conditions and no association was proven between PCV-3 status and clinical syndromes in wild animals. The genetic characterization of selected strains enlightened a relevant variability and the absence of closely related strains originating from domestic pigs. Therefore, the observed scenario is suggestive of multiple introductions from other wild or domestic swine populations followed by prolonged circulation and independent evolution. Worldwide, this study reports for the first time the high susceptibility of the wild boar to PCV-3 infection. The high prevalence and the absence of association with clinical signs support the marginal role of this virus in the wild boar population ecology. However, its epidemiological role as reservoir endangering commercial swine cannot be excluded and will require further investigations.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 85%

First report of wild boar susceptibility to Porcine circovirus type 3: High prevalence in the Colli Euganei Regional Park (Italy) in the absence of clinical signs

Franzo

Tucciarone

Drigo

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Together with the papers by Verin et al (2007) and Petrini et al (2009) on PCV2 diffusion in central Italy, the present study suggests that PCV2 and PMWS is widespread and endemic among the wild boar populations in Italy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen localisation and post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa ssp scrofa) in Italy

et al. 2010

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Wild boar (Sus scrofa ssp scrofa) is a host of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), and infection in this species has been reported in many countries. This study sampled tissues from 348 wild boars in Italy in the provinces of Bologna, Padua and Pisa. No clinical signs or macroscopic lesions were recorded in the sampled animals. Immunolocalisation for PCV-2 was performed on tissues, and viral antigen was disclosed in 38 animals, 11 immunohistochemistry (IHC) positive out of 148 (7.43%) sampled in northern Italy and 27 immunofluorescence (IF) positive out of 200 (13.5%) sampled in central Italy, respectively. Histologically, 19 cases displayed post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) histological lesions, but PCV2 was only proved in nine of them (three from Bologna and Padua by IHC and six from Pisa by IF). Animals aged 7 to 8 months were the most affected by PCV2 infection, suggesting an important role of this age class in the epidemiology of the virosis in the tested populations. Moreover, the study confirmed that wild boar can be a host of PCV-2, and showed that the virus and PMWS is widespread and endemic in wild boar in Italy as in other countries

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“…While swine is the primary host for PCV-2, other species have been reported as susceptible [10]. Nevertheless, wild boar seems to be the only other host in which PCV-2 is constantly detected and which could play a relevant role in PCV-2 epidemiology [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free to Circulate: An Update on the Epidemiological Dynamics of Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV-2) in Italy Reveals the Role of Local Spreading, Wild Populations, and Foreign Countries

et al. 2020

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Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is one of the most impactful and widespread pathogens of the modern swine industry. Unlike other DNA viruses, PCV-2 is featured by a remarkable genetic variability, which has led to the emergence and recognition of different genotypes, some of which (PCV-2a, 2b, and 2d) have alternated over time. Currently, PCV-2d is considered the most prevalent genotype, and some evidence of differential virulence and vaccine efficacy have been reported. Despite the potential practical relevance, the data on PCV-2 epidemiology in Italy are quite outdated and do not quantify the actual circulation of this genotype in Italy. In the present study, 82 complete ORF2 sequences were obtained from domestic pigs and wild boars sampled in Northern Italy in the period 2013–2018 and merged with those previously obtained from Italy and other countries. A combination of phylogenetic, haplotype network, and phylodynamic analyses were used to genotype the collected strains and evaluate the temporal trend and the spatial and host spread dynamics. A rising number of PCV-2d detections was observed in domestic pigs, particularly since 2013, reaching a detection frequency comparable to PCV-2b. A similar picture was observed in wild boars, although a lower sequence number was available. Overall, the present study demonstrates the extreme complexity of PCV-2 molecular epidemiology in Italy, the significant spread across different regions, the recurrent introduction from foreign countries, and the frequent occurrence of recombination events. Although a higher viral flux occurred from domestic to wild populations than vice versa, wild boars seem to maintain PCV-2 infection and spread it over relatively long distances.

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Detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from wild boars in central Italy

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

First report of wild boar susceptibility to Porcine circovirus type 3: High prevalence in the Colli Euganei Regional Park (Italy) in the absence of clinical signs

First report of wild boar susceptibility to Porcine circovirus type 3: High prevalence in the Colli Euganei Regional Park (Italy) in the absence of clinical signs

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen localisation and post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa ssp scrofa) in Italy

Free to Circulate: An Update on the Epidemiological Dynamics of Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV-2) in Italy Reveals the Role of Local Spreading, Wild Populations, and Foreign Countries

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