Detection of phytoestrogens in samples of second trimester human amniotic fluid

Foster, Warren G.; Chan, Shun‐Hsiang; Platt, Lawrence D.; Hughes, Claude L.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00018-8

Cited by 82 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In effect, therefore, the male embryonic striatum is actually exposed to higher levels of estrogen than is the female, but as the estrogen is produced intracellularly, it is difficult to predict whether or not it would interact with putative membrane receptors. Although male and female fetal brain exposure to maternal estrogens is limited by binding of E 2 to α-fetoprotein, exposure to environmental phytoestrogens is of increasing concern for both sexes [36]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

17β-Estradiol Promotes Striatal Medium Size Spiny Neuronal Maturation in vitro

Stroppolo

Tian²,

Guinea³

et al. 2004

Neuroendocrinology

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Gender differences exist in the development of the nigrostriatal dopamine system, and in the incidence and course of pediatric and adult neuropsychiatric diseases in which this system is implicated. The medium size spiny neuron (MSN) is the major output neuron of the caudate nucleus. It receives a large dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra, and 96% of the MSNs express DARPP-32, a dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein and key mediator of dopamine function. There are few examples, however, of direct effects of sex hormones, including 17β-estradiol (E₂), on the MSN. We report that in vitro, E₂ (10–50 nM) promotes MSN phenotypic maturation, as determined by increased soma size, neurite length, and DARPP-32 protein levels. Treatment with the ‘anti-estrogen’ ICI 182,780 or the partial-agonist tamoxifen also increases DARPP-32 levels, but when added to E₂, ICI 182,780 only prevents the increase in DARPP-32 levels and increase in soma size and neurite length. Surprisingly, maturation effects are more robust in cells derived exclusively from female embryos. Western blot analysis of protein lysates and immunocytochemistry of cultured MSNs reveals the presence of the estrogen receptor β (ERβ). These data suggest that ERβ may mediate the differentiating effect of E₂ on embryonic MSNs, and provide new avenues of investigation for the role of sex hormones in the development of the striatum and in diseases affecting the basal ganglia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

17β-Estradiol Promotes Striatal Medium Size Spiny Neuronal Maturation in vitro

Stroppolo

Tian²,

Guinea³

et al. 2004

Neuroendocrinology

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“…A schematic representation of the reported metabolism of isoflavones (a) and lignans (b). Gooderham et al, 1996;Uehar et al, 2000;Arai et al, 2000;L'homme et al, 2002); breast milk (Franke et al, 1999); breast tissue (Maubach et al, 2003); and amniotic fluid Foster et al, 2002); however, urinary measurements are typically the most common. Urinary phytoestrogen levels have been reported in several populations in the United States and abroad (Adlercreutz et al, 1991;Hutchins et al, 1995a;Horn-Ross et al, 1997;Roach et al, 1998;Lampe et al, 1999;Arai et al, 2000;Dai et al, 2002;Valentı´n-Blasini et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary phytoestrogen concentrations in the U.S. population (1999–2000)

Valentín-Blasini

Sadowski

Walden

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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We report population-based urinary concentrations of phytoestrogens stratified by age, sex, and composite racial/ethnic variables. We measured the isoflavones F genistein, daidzein, equol, and O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) F and the lignans F enterolactone and enterodiol F in approximately 2500 urine samples from individuals aged 6 years and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 1999 and 2000. We detected all phytoestrogens in over 70% of the samples analyzed; enterolactone was detected in the highest concentrations, and daidzein was detected with the highest frequency. The geometric means for each phytoestrogen were as follows: genistein, 22.3 mg/g; daidzein, 68.6 mg/g; equol, 7.65 mg/g; O-DMA, 3.95 mg/g; enterolactone, 217 mg/g; and enterodiol, 24.3 mg/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for each phytoestrogen were as follows: genistein, 380 mg/g; daidzein, 944 mg/g; equol, 50.3 mg/g; O-DMA, 217 mg/g; enterolactone, 2240 mg/g; and enterodiol, 240 mg/g creatinine. Multivariate analyses showed statistically significant differences among many of the demographic subgroups. Adolescents had higher concentrations of genistein and equol than adults. Non-Hispanic whites had higher concentrations of enterodiol and equol than Mexican Americans or non-Hispanic blacks. Non-Hispanic whites also had higher concentrations of enterolactone and O-DMA than Mexican Americans. Mexican Americans had higher concentrations of genistein than non-Hispanic blacks; however, the opposite was found for O-DMA. Determination of phytoestrogen exposure in the US population will help us to better understand phytoestrogen consumption in the US and will assist us in elucidating the potential role of phytoestrogens in protecting against cancer and heart disease.

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“…Using microfluorimetry, isometrical force measurements and patch-clamp techniques, we present data showing that genistein, acting on different cell structures involved in the handling of intracellular Ca 2+ , is able to induce a decrease in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration and consequently produce a relaxation of this vessel. Since the isoflavones are able to cross the placental barrier (8,22), these findings may contribute to the understanding of the regulation of maternal-fetal blood flow in the case of pregnant women who include soy products in their diet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, after a single soy meal the isoflavone concentration rises slowly and reaches maximum values around the micromolar range at 7-8 hours (12). The presence of genistein has been detected in plasma, urine (1,27), human milk (9) and in prostatic tissue (3) of subjects that consume such products, as well as in amniotic fluid during the second trimester of pregnancy (8) and at birth (2). A wide spectrum of health beneficial effects have been attributed to the consumption of this natural compound, most of them related to a decrease in the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cellular proliferation (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genistein effects on Ca2+ handling in human umbilical artery: inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels

et al. 2009

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Isoflavones are a group of natural phytoestrogens including the compound genistein. Health beneficial effects have been attributed to the consumption of this compound, but the fact that it has estrogen-like activity has raised doubts regarding its potential risk in infants, newborns, or in the fetus and placenta during pregnancy. This work is aimed at studying genistein effects on Ca2+ handling by smooth muscle cells of the human umbilical artery (HUA). Using fluorometric techniques, we found that in these cells genistein reduces the intracellular Ca2+ peak produced by serotonin. The same result could be demonstrated in absence of extracellular Ca2+, suggesting that the isoflavone reduces Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Force measurement experiments strengthen these results, since genistein reduced the peak force attained by intact HUA rings stimulated by serotonin in a Ca2+-free solution. Moreover, genistein induced the relaxation of HUA rings precontracted either with serotonin or a depolarizing high-extracellular K+ solution, hinting at a reduction of extracellular Ca2+ entry to the cell. This was confirmed by whole-cell patch-clamp experiments where it was shown that the isoflavone inhibits ionic currents through voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. In summary, we show that genistein inhibits two mechanisms that could increase intracellular Ca2+ in human umbilical smooth muscle cells, behaving in this way as a potential vasorelaxing substance of fetal vessels. Taking into account that genistein is able to cross the placental barrier, these data show that isoflavones may have important implications in the regulation of feto-maternal blood flow in pregnant women who consume soy-derived products as part of their meals.

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Detection of phytoestrogens in samples of second trimester human amniotic fluid

Cited by 82 publications

References 26 publications

17β-Estradiol Promotes Striatal Medium Size Spiny Neuronal Maturation in vitro

17β-Estradiol Promotes Striatal Medium Size Spiny Neuronal Maturation in vitro

Urinary phytoestrogen concentrations in the U.S. population (1999–2000)

Genistein effects on Ca2+ handling in human umbilical artery: inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels

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