Detection of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae with commercially available broth microdilution panels

Nolte, Frederick S.; Metchock, B; Williams, T; Diem, Lois; Bressler, Adam; Tenover, Fred C.

doi:10.1128/jcm.33.7.1804-1806.1995

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is the first evaluation of the use of MicroScan rapid panels for testing pneumococci for penicillin resistance. Previous studies by Clark et al (5), Kiska et al (18), Nolte et al (28), and Shanholtzer and Peterson (30) all used MicroScan type 6 conventional panels, although similar errors, i.e., the inability to detect penicillin resistance, were noted in each of those studies. Because the MicroScan system had already withdrawn the conventional panels at the time that the present study was undertaken (1), the results obtained with the conventional panels are not reported here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Now that resistance is more widespread (2,4), it is important to determine rates of resistance locally so that empiric therapy can be altered appropriately. Several commercial methods of determining the susceptibility profiles of pneumococci are available; however, reports of their accuracy vary (3,5,11,14,18,20,21,27,28,30). To date, no studies have compared all of the commercially available methods simultaneously against the NCCLS reference broth microdilution method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, the Pasco system reported penicillin MICs that tended to be equal to or 1 dilution lower than those obtained by the NCCLS reference method. A report by Nolte et al (28) noted that Pasco MIC panels did not support the growth of 86% of strains when a commercial lysed horse blood supplement was used (28). This problem was not observed in the present study since the manufacturer provided the supplement in which the inoculum was prepared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While several studies have evaluated the abilities of commercial methods, such as the Etest (11,14,21,27), Just One for penicillin (18), the MicroScan type 6 panel (5,18,28,30), and the MicroMedia FOX panel (3,5,20), to detect antimicrobial resistance in pneumococci, those studies have often been limited to one or two methods, and they frequently have not included the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution reference method (25) for comparison. In addition, several of the studies only evaluated the accuracy of the penicillin MIC results.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of commercial methods for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae

1996

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Seven commercial systems for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae were evaluated by using a challenge set of 55 pneumococcal isolates with a variety of resistance phenotypes and genotypes. Overall, the results produced by the Pasco and Etest methods were found to be acceptable for all drugs tested except for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole testing by the Etest. The Just One system for penicillin MIC testing was also judged to be acceptable (minor error rate, 5.5%). Although the Sensititre and MicroTech methods both produced 12.7% minor errors with penicillin, the Sensititre method classified penicillin-intermediate strains as resistant or vice versa, while four of MicroTech's errors were among intermediate strains that were classified as susceptible. The MicroMedia (minor error rate, 16.4%) and MicroScan Rapid (minor error rate, 63.6%) methods produced unacceptably high levels of errors when testing penicillin. Minor error rates for cefotaxime and ceftriaxone ranged from a low of 12.7% (Etest and Sensititre) to a high of 28% (MicroMedia). Error rates were low for erythromycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol by most methods with the exception of the MicroScan method, which had a high very major error rate for erythromycin (34.6%). For testing of ␤-lactam drugs, the Pasco, Etest, and Just One tests for penicillin are the most accurate methods; the Sensititre method also provided acceptable results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of commercial methods for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae

1996

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“…To address the need for simpler and more efficient testing methods, various commercial methods have been developed and evaluated including colorimetric broth microdilution methods (3,12,20), breakpoint testing methods (2,21), and agar diffusion methods (4,23). Likewise, the PASCO Division of Becton-Dickinson has developed a commercially available broth microdilution panel for the in vitro susceptibility testing of antibacterial agents which has been evaluated on a number of occasions (10,19,22).…”

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Comparative Evaluation of PASCO and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A Broth Microdilution Methods for Antifungal Drug Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts

et al. 2000

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The PASCO antifungal susceptibility test system, developed in collaboration with a commercial company, is a broth microdilution assay which is faster and easier to use than the reference broth microdilution test performed according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) document M27-A guidelines. Advantages of the PASCO system include the system's inclusion of quality-controlled, premade antifungal panels containing 10, twofold serial dilutions of drugs and a one-step inoculation system whereby all wells are simultaneously inoculated in a single step. For the prototype panel, we chose eight antifungal agents for in vitro testing (amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, and terconazole) and compared the results with those of the NCCLS method for testing 74 yeast isolates (14 Candida albicans, 10 Candida glabrata, 10 Candida tropicalis, 10 Candida krusei, 10 Candida dubliniensis, 10 Candida parapsilosis, and 10 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates). The overall agreements between the methods were 91% for fluconazole, 89% for amphotericin B and ketoconazole, 85% for itraconazole, 80% for flucytosine, 77% for terconazole, 66% for miconazole, and 53% for clotrimazole. In contrast to the M27-A reference method, the PASCO method classified as resistant seven itraconazole-susceptible isolates (9%), two fluconazole-susceptible isolates (3%), and three flucytosine-susceptible isolates (4%), representing 12 major errors. In addition, it classified two fluconazole-resistant isolates (3%) and one flucytosine-resistant isolate (1%) as susceptible, representing three very major errors. Overall, the agreement between the methods was greater than or equal to 80% for four of the seven species tested (C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. neoformans). The lowest agreement between methods was observed for miconazole and clotrimazole and for C. krusei isolates tested against terconazole. When the data for miconazole and clotrimazole were removed from the analysis, agreement was >80% for all seven species tested. Therefore, the PASCO method is a suitable alternative procedure for the testing of the antifungal susceptibilities of the medically important Candida spp. and C. neoformans against a range of antifungal agents with the exceptions only of miconazole and clotrimazole and of terconazole against C. krusei isolates.

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Evaluation of the Vitek 2 System for Susceptibility Testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates

Goessens¹,

Toom²,

Hageman³

et al. 2000

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Dise

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Vitek 2 (bioMérieux, France) is a new commercial system that allows rapid identification and rapid determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Streptococcus pneumoniae by monitoring the growth kinetics of the organisms in microwells. The accuracy of the Vitek 2 system in susceptibility testing was evaluated by determining the MICs of 50 penicillin-susceptible and 150 intermediate or penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates and comparing the results with those obtained using the agar dilution method. The essential agreement between the Vitek 2 system and the reference method was 91% for penicillin, 93% for cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, and more than 94% for amoxicillin, erythromycin, ofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, and imipenem. One very major error (1.1%) and one major error (0.9%) were obtained for tetracycline. The minor error rate for penicillin of 19.3% was mainly due to intermediate category isolates (n = 29) being identified as resistant and susceptible isolates (n = 6) being identified as intermediate by the commercial system. The minor error rates for amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and ofloxacin were 25.4%, 25.4%, 29.4%, 19.2%, and 31.5%, respectively. Vancomycin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, and erythromycin showed minor error rates of 0-6.1%. In conclusion, Vitek 2 shows good agreement with the reference method, as demonstrated by the low numbers of major errors, but it has a tendency to overestimate MICs, resulting in minor errors.

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Detection of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae with commercially available broth microdilution panels

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of commercial methods for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Evaluation of commercial methods for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Comparative Evaluation of PASCO and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A Broth Microdilution Methods for Antifungal Drug Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts

Evaluation of the Vitek 2 System for Susceptibility Testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates

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