“…However, the long-term use and wide use of ceftazidime cause the development of drug resistance in clinical isolates (Sanz-García et al, 2018 ; Fröhlich et al, 2022 ). Not only in humans but also in untreated wastewater environments and aquaculture, ceftazidime-resistant bacteria are widespread (Adelowo et al, 2018 ; Salgueiro et al, 2021 ; Moya-Salazar et al, 2022 ), which poses a challenge to control infection caused by the resistant pathogens in hospitals and aquaculture. Recently, we have used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to profile the metabolic state of ceftazidime-resistant V. alginolyticus and identified an altered and inefficient pyruvate cycle (P cycle), increased biosynthesis of fatty acids, deregulation of Na+-translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Na+-NQR), and low membrane proton motive force (PMF) as the greatest metabolic modulation in the resistance (Liu et al, 2019 ).…”