Detection of paramagnetic defects in diamond using off-resonance excitation of NV centers

Alfasi, Nir; Masis, Sergei; Shtempluck, Oleg; Buks, Eyal

doi:10.1103/physrevb.99.214111

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…NV centers have a spin-dependent fluorescence intensity and long spin lifetime [7][8][9] , which can be used to sensitively measure magnetic field noise at the NV resonance frequency which causes NV spin relaxation. Noise sensing with NVs, also called relaxometry, is a widely popular technique, which has been used to detect electronphonon instability in graphene 10 , spin labels [11][12][13][14][15][16] , driven electron paramagnetic resonance 17,18 , and ferromagnetic dynamics [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] , among others. Early NV relaxometry studies of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) provide a clear picture of the sensing scheme: 23 microwave drive excites a mode in a ferromagnetic film, the excited mode undergoes incoherent four-magnon scattering processes leading to a redistribution of magnon population throughout the magnon spectrum.…”

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confidence: 99%

Broadband multi-magnon relaxometry using a quantum spin sensor for high frequency ferromagnetic dynamics sensing

et al. 2020

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Development of sensitive local probes of magnon dynamics is essential to further understand the physical processes that govern magnon generation, propagation, scattering, and relaxation. Quantum spin sensors like the NV center in diamond have long spin lifetimes and their relaxation can be used to sense magnetic field noise at gigahertz frequencies. Thus far, NV sensing of ferromagnetic dynamics has been constrained to the case where the NV spin is resonant with a magnon mode in the sample meaning that the NV frequency provides an upper bound to detection. In this work we demonstrate ensemble NV detection of spinwaves generated via a nonlinear instability process where spinwaves of nonzero wavevector are parametrically driven by a high amplitude microwave field. NV relaxation caused by these driven spinwaves can be divided into two regimes; one- and multi-magnon NV relaxometry. In the one-magnon NV relaxometry regime the driven spinwave frequency is below the NV frequencies. The driven spinwave undergoes four-magnon scattering resulting in an increase in the population of magnons which are frequency matched to the NVs. The dipole magnetic fields of the NV-resonant magnons couple to and relax nearby NV spins. The amplitude of the NV relaxation increases with the wavevector of the driven spinwave mode which we are able to vary up to 3 × 106 m−1, well into the part of the spinwave spectrum dominated by the exchange interaction. Increasing the strength of the applied magnetic field brings all spinwave modes to higher frequencies than the NV frequencies. We find that the NVs are relaxed by the driven spinwave instability despite the absence of any individual NV-resonant magnons, suggesting that multiple magnons participate in creating magnetic field noise below the ferromagnetic gap frequency which causes NV spin relaxation.

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Broadband multi-magnon relaxometry using a quantum spin sensor for high frequency ferromagnetic dynamics sensing

et al. 2020

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“…Spontaneous, i.e. phonon assisted, spin flip-flops between ensembles (when one of the spins changes from high to low energy states, and the other changes in the opposite direction), were demonstrated before [11][12][13][14]. In this work we demonstrate direct and unambiguous stimulated flip-flop interaction between the parallel and the non-parallel NV − ensembles or the P1 ensemble.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The transition frequencies are calcu-lated (see Figs. Type Ib HPHT single crystal [110] grown diamond with < 200 ppm nitrogen concentration (same as in [12]) was laser-cut, polished, irradiated with 2.8 MeV electrons at a doze of 8×10 18 e/cm 2 , annealed for 2 h at 900 C and boiled for 1 h in equal mixture of Perchloric, Sulfuric and Fuming Nitric acids, resulting with a fluorescent-count measured NV − concentration of n S = 3.25 × 10 17 cm −3 . The NV − :P1 ratio is estimated from electron spin resonance (ESR) data to be 1 : 3 (see Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optically detected flip-flops between different spin ensembles in diamond

Masis,

Hazanov,

Alfasi

et al. 2021

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We employ the technique of optical detection of magnetic resonance to study dipolar interaction in diamond between nitrogen-vacancy color centers of different crystallographic orientations and substitutional nitrogen defects. We demonstrate optical measurements of resonant spin flips-flips (second Larmor line), and flip-flops between different spin ensembles in diamond. In addition, the strain coupling between the nitrogen-vacancy color centers and bulk acoustic modes is studied using optical detection. Our findings may help optimizing cross polarization protocols, which, in turn, may allow improving the sensitivity of diamond-based detectors.

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“…Diamond-based spin ensembles, in particular N-V − ensembles, are compelling systems for the development of biologically compatible magnetometers [5], masers [6], and the exploration of novel collective quantum phases [7]. Studying the magneto-optical aspects and origins of such ensembles is therefore pertinent for their continued development, and the observation of MOVE in such paramagnetic diamond systems is noteworthy due to the distinct optical spin-polarisation mechanism of the N-V − spin system [8,9], and in turn, other optically un-addressable magnetic spins that couple to the N-V − spins [10,11]. While the observation of optical birefringence and dichroism in natural diamonds with high defect concentrations is well documented e.g.…”

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Observation of the magneto-optic Voigt effect in a paramagnetic diamond membrane

et al. 2020

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The magneto-optic Voigt effect is observed in a synthetic diamond membrane with a substitutional nitrogen defect concentration in the order of 200 ppm and a nitrogen-vacancy defect sub-ensemble generated through neutron irradiation and annealing. The measured polarisation rotation in the reflected light is observed to be quadratically proportional to the applied magnetic field and to the incident reflection angle. Additionally, it is observed to be modifiable by illuminating the diamond with a 532 nm laser. Spectral analysis of the reflected light under 532 nm illumination shows a slow narrowing of the spectral distribution, indicating a small increase in the overall magnetisation, as opposed to magnetisation degradation caused by heating. Further analysis of the optical power dependence suggest this may be related to a shift in the spin ensembles charge state equilibrium and, by extension, the resulting ensemble magnetisation.

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Detection of paramagnetic defects in diamond using off-resonance excitation of NV centers

Cited by 15 publications

References 62 publications

Broadband multi-magnon relaxometry using a quantum spin sensor for high frequency ferromagnetic dynamics sensing

Broadband multi-magnon relaxometry using a quantum spin sensor for high frequency ferromagnetic dynamics sensing

Optically detected flip-flops between different spin ensembles in diamond

Observation of the magneto-optic Voigt effect in a paramagnetic diamond membrane

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