Detection of Myocardial Perfusion in Multiple Echocardiographic Windows With One Intravenous Injection of Microbubbles Using Transient Response Second Harmonic Imaging

Abstract

Transient response imaging produces myocardial contrast in multiple views with one intravenous injection of contrast agent and can accurately identify regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities.

Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion With Intravenous Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography Current State and Clinical Applications

“…The fact that microbubbles respond differently to the ultrasound depending upon the degree of insonating acoustic power (mechanical index) has led to the development of harmonic and intermittent triggered imaging technologies [4][5][6]. On top of these two technologies, there have been a number of refinements and modifications of imaging technologies to enhance nonlinear signals from the microbubbles and simultaneously reduce the linear signals from the tissue as much as possible.…”

Ecocardiografia de contraste miocárdico em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana suspeita ou conhecida: comparação com a cintilografia miocárdica com radioisótopos

“…Of these 3 methods, only scintigraphy directly assesses perfusion. Myocardial contrast echocardiography is an alternative method for scintigraphy because it provides reproducibility, real-time image assessment, in addition to being noninvasive and relatively inexpensive 1 . All comparative studies between both methods have shown an acceptable concordance, validating the use of contrast echocardiography as an alternative for myocardial nuclear scintigraphy [2][3][4][5] .…”

Correlation between myocardial perfusion abnormalities detected with intermittent imaging using intravenous perfluorocarbon microbubbles and radioisotope imaging during high‐dose dipyridamole stress echo

“…Newer myocardial contrast techniques are being developed, however, that permit the simultaneous analysis of wall motion and perfusion with contrast echocardiography. These involve using a lower mechanical index, which permits the use of a higher frame rate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). At this frame rate, both wall motion and perfusion can be analyzed simultaneously.…”

“…New perfluorocarbon containing ultrasound contrast agents consistently opacify the myocardium following venous injection or infusion, with more consistent and reliable results, compared with first-generation ultrasound contrast agents containing room air as gases in microbubbles. 8 Also, new ultrasound imaging techniques [10][11][12] that reduce microbubble destruction (e.g., intermittent harmonic imaging) have detected myocardial perfusion abnormalities both during dipyridamole [13][14][15][16] and dobutamine 17 stress. These preliminary studies have been relatively small in size, and at single sites.…”