Detection of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Poultry Feed of Balochistan Pakistan

Majeed, Fa; Akbar, Ali; Shafee, Muhammad; Sadia, Halema; Iqbal, Shahzad Zafar; Phadungchob, Bpantamars; Khan, Gi; Khan, SA

doi:10.12681/jhvms.26759

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The plate was dried about 1 cm from the top, and the rest was dipped in methanol and sulfuric acid (90:10). The plate was heated at 150°C after a heating spot was seen at 365 nm UV light and then compared to standard spots of standard solutions [ 11 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A in poultry feed ingredients by thin-layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Rahim,

Rashid,

Khanoranga

et al. 2024

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of total aflatoxin (AF) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feed ingredients under different environmental conditions during the summer and winter seasons, while the hygiene quality of the feed ingredient was assessed through viable fungal count (VFC). Materials and Methods: A total of 288 poultry feed ingredients (n = 96 each) samples were collected from different poultry shops, which were initially analyzed for the presence of AF and OTA through thin layer chromatography (TLC) and then confirmed the contamination concentration through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The results of the current study confirmed the incidence of contamination with AF and OTA by TLC and ELISA methods. The contamination level of AF ranged from 26.09 to 50.56 (mean = 41.22 ± 9.45) μg/kg, whereas the contamination level of OTA ranged from 50.13 to 6.21 (mean 42.60 ± 6.21) μg/kg. The contamination level of AF was found to be above the permissible level set by the Food and Drug Administration (20 μg/kg), whereas the contamination level of OTA was below the permissible limits. Moreover, the VFC values were also below the recommended level. The results showed that the association between AF, OTA, and moisture content was significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Mycotoxin contamination was significantly (p < 0.05) highest in the winter season. These findings suggested that continuous monitoring regimes might prevent mycotoxin contamination in poultry feed ingredients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A in poultry feed ingredients by thin-layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Rahim,

Rashid,

Khanoranga

et al. 2024

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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show abstract

“…All the experimental flasks of 3 groups were incubated at 25ºC for the duration of 60 d with periodic shaking on a shaking incubator. At 15, 30, 45 and 60 d post-inoculation, a sample of 25 gm from each experimental group flask was taken out followed by autoclaving and processed for quantification of OTA by TLC and HPLC as previously described with minor modifications [21].…”

Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of <i>Cinnamomum verum</i> Essential Oils against Ochratoxin A-producing <i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i> in Stored Wheat, Maize and Rice

Naz¹,

Anjum²,

Nawaz³

et al. 2022

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Eight essential oils: Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Eucalyptus globulus, Syzygium aromaticum, Nigella sativa, Elettaria cardamomum, Cinnamomum verum and Cuminum cyminum were evaluated for antifungal activity against Ochratoxin A (OTA)-producing Aspergillus parasiticus (n = 3) using grains as a substrate. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and log reduction assay were used to evaluate the antifungal activity. Both the highest zone of inhibition (24.00±2.00 mm) and least minimum inhibitory concentration (1.04±0.45 µg/mL) were recorded for C. verum essential oils. By log reduction assay S. aromaticum, C. verum and E. globulus essential oils exhibited antifungal activity after 15 min of exposure. After 30, 60 and 90 min of exposure of A. parasiticus spores to selected essential oils, complete inactivation of fungal spores (6±0.00 log reduction) was observed. In stored grains, inoculated with A. parasiticus, the lowest OTA (8.16±0.05 ng/g) was observed at 10% moisture in broken rice. An increase in OTA production was noticed with an increase in moisture from 10-40% but this trend reversed at 50-70% moisture. No increase in OTA in un-inoculated and C. verum essential oil-treated inoculated grains was noticed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated the highest percentage of oleic acid (23.7%) in C. verum. Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) oil is an effective and safe antifungal agent against A. parasiticus in stored grains.

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“…Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungal species, produce by some toxigenic strain of fungi such as fusarium, penicillium and aspergillus [1]. The mycotoxin contamination in food and feed exert significant agriculture loses and contribute to animal and human health problem worldwide [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol of Aflatoxin through Biodegradation by Using Environment Friendly Microbes

Akbar¹,

Khan²,

Shafee³

et al. 2022

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of fungal species usually produced in tough environmental conditions. The interruption of fatty acid formation results in aflatoxins production. It is equally important in food and feed due to its health complication for animals and human beings. Biodegradation through environment friendly microbes is an acceptable strategy for the control of mycotoxins.A study has been designed to evaluate the environment friendly bacterial species for the biodegradation of aflatoxins. Specific double strength broth media (BHI, TSB, MRS and SDB) were mixed with standard Aflatoxins B1 to obtained 30 ppb final concertation. Different microbial species (Rhodococcus erythropolis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus Pentosus, Lactobacillus casei, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces crevice) were added to the mixture containing aflatoxins and incubated for 48-72 h. The concentration of the aflatoxins in the mixture was confirmed with Agra strip, Agra quant and HPLC at initial and final time of incubation.Results showed that Rhodococcus erythropolis and Bacillus licheniformis can degrade or alter the structure of aflatoxins to the undetectable level of the Agra strip (cutoff value less than 4 ppb) and Agra quant (cutoff value less than 2 ppb), these results were double confirmed with the of HPLC, which showed the reduction of aflatoxins to 0.57 and 0.95 ppb by Rhodococcus erythropolis and Bacillus licheniformis respectively. These results conforming the biodegradation of aflatoxins B1 used in the study. The organisms used in the study are environment friendly and can have the potential to decrease aflatoxins to the acceptable consumption level. Uses of these microbes for biodegradation will have positive impacts over the biocontrol strategies for mycotoxin.

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Detection of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Poultry Feed of Balochistan Pakistan

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Assessment of total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A in poultry feed ingredients by thin-layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Assessment of total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A in poultry feed ingredients by thin-layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Evaluation of <i>Cinnamomum verum</i> Essential Oils against Ochratoxin A-producing <i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i> in Stored Wheat, Maize and Rice

Biocontrol of Aflatoxin through Biodegradation by Using Environment Friendly Microbes

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