Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in saliva and the evaluation of oral sensitivity in patients with leprosy

Rosa, Fernanda Borowsky da; Souza, Victor Costa de; Almeida, Tatiana Amaral Pires de; Nascimento, Valdinete Alves do; Vásquez, Felicien Gonçalves; Cunha, Maria da Graça Souza; Naveca, Felipe Gomes

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762013000500006

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This technique has been applied not only to skin biopsy samples, but also to several different types of specimens such as skin smears, nerves, urine, oral or nasal swabs, blood, and ocular lesions [11], [35]–[41]. Different sequences were used as targets for PCR, such as genes encoding the 36-kDa antigen [42], 18-kDa antigen [43], 65-kDa antigen [44], complex 85 [37], 16S rDNA [45], and the repetitive sequences [46] among other M. leprae genes.…”

Section: Pcr As a Detection Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR-Based Techniques for Leprosy Diagnosis: From the Laboratory to the Clinic

Talhari²,

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In leprosy, classic diagnostic tools based on bacillary counts and histopathology have been facing hurdles, especially in distinguishing latent infection from active disease and diagnosing paucibacillary clinical forms. Serological tests and IFN-gamma releasing assays (IGRA) that employ humoral and cellular immune parameters, respectively, are also being used, but recent results indicate that quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a key technique due to its higher sensitivity and specificity. In fact, advances concerning the structure and function of the Mycobacterium leprae genome led to the development of specific PCR-based gene amplification assays for leprosy diagnosis and monitoring of household contacts. Also, based on the validation of point-of-care technologies for M. tuberculosis DNA detection, it is clear that the same advantages of rapid DNA detection could be observed in respect to leprosy. So far, PCR has proven useful in the determination of transmission routes, M. leprae viability, and drug resistance in leprosy. However, PCR has been ascertained to be especially valuable in diagnosing difficult cases like pure neural leprosy (PNL), paucibacillary (PB), and patients with atypical clinical presentation and histopathological features compatible with leprosy. Also, the detection of M. leprae DNA in different samples of the household contacts of leprosy patients is very promising. Although a positive PCR result is not sufficient to establish a causal relationship with disease outcome, quantitation provided by qPCR is clearly capable of indicating increased risk of developing the disease and could alert clinicians to follow these contacts more closely or even define rules for chemoprophylaxis.

show abstract

Section: Pcr As a Detection Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR-Based Techniques for Leprosy Diagnosis: From the Laboratory to the Clinic

Talhari²,

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We have previously shown that anti‐PGL‐I antibodies can be detected in both saliva and serum and that higher levels of serum anti‐PGL‐1 IgM and salivary anti‐PGL‐1 IgA antibodies are found in non‐treated leprosy patients than in healthy controls (Bonfitto et al , ). In addition, it has been shown that MDT seems to reduce anti‐PGL1 antibody levels (Bonfitto et al , ; Rosa et al , ). Similarly, Nagao‐Dias et al () demonstrated that salivary anti‐PGL‐1 IgA and IgM antibodies were significantly higher in MB patients compared with normal controls, but not when compared with PB patients.…”

Section: Detection Of Leprosy Antibodies: Salivary Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another application of saliva for leprosy diagnosis was demonstrated by Rosa et al () that noted that PCR in saliva swab enabled the detection of M. leprae in PB patients, who are not positive to slit‐skin smear (Rosa et al , ). Thus, the combination of different methods is crucial to increase the success rate of early leprosy diagnosis.…”

Section: Detection Of Leprosy Antibodies: Salivary Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oral cavity in leprosy: what clinicians need to know

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a bacillus that has a tropism for skin and peripheral nerves. Leprosy treatment is based on a multidrug therapy established by the World Health Organization in 1982 and, despite its widespread use, Brazil ranks second worldwide in numbers of cases. Oral involvement in leprosy has been poorly described in the literature, and few studies have shown that although the bacillus is found in mucosa, specific leprosy lesions are rare and affect patients with advanced stages of the disease. This review aimed to assess the literature on oral manifestations in leprosy and the aspects involving oral cavity in leprosy pathogenesis.

show abstract

“…Plikaytis and coworkers, developed a nPCR that amplifies a heat shock protein 65 kDa called groEL, which can detect 3 fg of M. leprae-DNA (single bacteria) [35]. An 85-antigen complex has also been used as a target, which encodes an 85 kDa antigen of three structurally related components [36]; 85B intergenic region by cPCR [37] and for the 85A-C gene by cPCR [37] or quantitative PCR (qPCR) [37][38][39]. Amplification of specific regions of microsatellites, as well as an internal sequence of the high-affinity manganese transporter (Ml MntH; ML2098) gene of the bacillus can also be useful for detecting M. leprae [40].…”

Section: Leprae Detection In Clinical Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positive qPCR results suggest the potential usefulness of these two sites for sample collection, especially in paucibacillary patients [86,39,93]. M. leprae is present in the oral mucosa at a high frequency, implicating this site as a potential means of leprosy transmission [93].…”

Section: Saliva and Oral Mucosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy Diagnosis: An Update on the Use of Molecular Tools Lucrecia

Soto¹,

Muñoz²

2015

Mol Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by an obligatory intracellular mycobacteria Mycobacterium leprae, which presents tropism for Schwann cells and skin macrophages. Leprosy is a public health problem and early diagnosis is essential to avoid incapacities. The disease´s clinical presentation varies from few to widespread lesions and its diagnosis continues to be a challenge due to the low sensibility of the conventional methods, based on bacillary counts of skin smears and histopathology. Molecular techniques, especially the methods to identify M. leprae DNA based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have emerged as a support of the conventional methods for the analysis of clinical samples in difficult to diagnose cases, such as pure neural leprosy, indeterminate and paucibacillary leprosy. The technique has also proved useful in the study of leprosy transmission and monitoring résistance to the WHO recommended Multidrug treatment. Different biological samples can be analysed and there is no consensus in the molecular diagnostic techniques respect of the most efficient nucleic acid extraction method, most appropriate methodology and genetic target for PCR. These methods provide a very valuable option for confirmation of difficult clinical cases with scarce bacilli but requires a well-equipped laboratory and the high cost makes it inaccessible to be used as a routine diagnostic tool in most endemic countries.

show abstract

Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in saliva and the evaluation of oral sensitivity in patients with leprosy

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

PCR-Based Techniques for Leprosy Diagnosis: From the Laboratory to the Clinic

PCR-Based Techniques for Leprosy Diagnosis: From the Laboratory to the Clinic

The oral cavity in leprosy: what clinicians need to know

Leprosy Diagnosis: An Update on the Use of Molecular Tools Lucrecia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About