Detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in African buffaloes ( Syncerus caffer ) using QuantiFERON ® -TB Gold (QFT) tubes and the Qiagen cattletype ® IFN-gamma ELISA

Bernitz, Netanya; Clarke, Charlene; Roos, Eduard O.; Goosen, Wynand J.; Cooper, David; Helden, Paul D. van; Parsons, Sven D.C.; Miller, Michele A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.12.010

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In addition, it is not influenced by treatments with immunosuppressive drugs and is not affected, or at least is much less affected, by infection with mycobacteria other than M. bovis. Furthermore, its different interpretative criteria and antigens can be adopted according to the objective to be pursued and the epidemiological context (39). Our results in buffalo indicate that an IFN-γ-positive animal, especially if the test is applied in a bTB-infected herd, has a very high probability of really being infected (Table 2B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria

et al. 2020

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a worldwide zoonosis that affects many species of domestic and wild animals. Mycobaterium bovis is the main cause of infection in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and bovines and is of great concern for human health and for buffalo producers in Italy. The bTB eradication programme is based on slaughterhouse surveillance and intradermal skin tests. Other in vivo diagnostic methods such as the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay have been developed and are widely used in cattle to accelerate the elimination of bTB positive animals. The present study is the first to assess the use and performance of IFN-γ assays, which is used as an ancillary test for bTB diagnosis in water buffalo, and presents the results of a field-evaluation of the assay from 2012 to 2019 during the buffalo bTB eradication programme in Italy. The study involved 489 buffaloes with a positive result to the single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT). The IFN-γ assays and single intradermal comparative tuberculin test were used as confirmation tests. Then, a total of 458 buffaloes, reared on officially tuberculosis-free (OTF) herds, that were confirmed bTB-free for at least the last 6 years were subjected to IFN-γ testing. Furthermore, to evaluate the IFN-γ test in an OTF herd with Paratuberculosis (PTB) infection, 103 buffaloes were subjected to SITT and IFN-γ test simultaneously. Four interpretative criteria were used, and the IFN-γ test showed high levels of accuracy, with sensitivity levels between 75.3% (CI 95% 71.2–79.0%) and 98.4% (CI 95% 96.7–99.4%) and specificity levels between 94.3% (CI 95% 91.2–96.50%) and 98.5% (CI 95% 96.9–99.4%), depending on the criterion used. Finally, in the OTF herd with PTB infection, in buffalo, the IFN-γ test displayed high specificity values according to all 4 interpretative criteria, with specificity levels between 96.7% (CI 95% 88.4–99.5%) and 100% (CI 95% 96.2–100%), while SITT specificity proved unsatisfactory, with a level of 45.3% (CI 95% 35.0–55.7%). Our results showed that the IFN-γ test in the buffalo species could reach high Sensitivity and Specificity values, and that the level of Sensitivity and Specificity could be chosen based on the interpretative criterion and the antigens used depending on the health status of the herd and the epidemiological context of the territory. The IFN-γ test and the use of different interpretative criteria proved to be useful to implement bTB diagnostic strategies in buffalo herds, with the possibility of a flexible use of the assay.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, in the literature, regarding IFN-γ test in buffalo species, scarce data are available and mainly associated with African buffaloes (S. caffer), (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41).…”

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confidence: 99%

Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria

et al. 2020

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“…Currently, the primary ancillary method for M. bovis detection in African buffaloes is the IGRA, based on either PPD stimulation or the QuantiFERON R TB Gold (QFT) system that stimulates whole blood with M. bovis/M. tuberculosis-specific antigens early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) (32,111). Thereafter, species-compatible IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are used to detect the biomarker.…”

Section: Ifn-γmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereafter, species-compatible IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are used to detect the biomarker. Validated IFN-γ ELISAs for buffaloes include the Bovigam R assay and Mabtech in-house, Cattletype R , and commercial Mabtech bovine IFN-γ ELISAs (33,111,112). There are several other wildlife species for which IGRAs to detect M. bovis infection have been developed, as summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Ifn-γmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Mediated Immunological Biomarkers and Their Diagnostic Application in Livestock and Wildlife Infected With Mycobacterium bovis

et al. 2021

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Mycobacterium bovis has the largest host range of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and infects domestic animal species, wildlife, and humans. The presence of global wildlife maintenance hosts complicates bovine tuberculosis (bTB) control efforts and further threatens livestock and wildlife-related industries. Thus, it is imperative that early and accurate detection of M. bovis in all affected animal species is achieved. Further, an improved understanding of the complex species-specific host immune responses to M. bovis could enable the development of diagnostic tests that not only identify infected animals but distinguish between infection and active disease. The primary bTB screening standard worldwide remains the tuberculin skin test (TST) that presents several test performance and logistical limitations. Hence additional tests are used, most commonly an interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) that, similar to the TST, measures a cell-mediated immune (CMI) response to M. bovis. There are various cytokines and chemokines, in addition to IFN-γ, involved in the CMI component of host adaptive immunity. Due to the dominance of CMI-based responses to mycobacterial infection, cytokine and chemokine biomarkers have become a focus for diagnostic tests in livestock and wildlife. Therefore, this review describes the current understanding of host immune responses to M. bovis as it pertains to the development of diagnostic tools using CMI-based biomarkers in both gene expression and protein release assays, and their limitations. Although the study of CMI biomarkers has advanced fundamental understanding of the complex host-M. bovis interplay and bTB progression, resulting in development of several promising diagnostic assays, most of this research remains limited to cattle. Considering differences in host susceptibility, transmission and immune responses, and the wide variety of M. bovis-affected animal species, knowledge gaps continue to pose some of the biggest challenges to the improvement of M. bovis and bTB diagnosis.

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“…Only once such diagnostics strongly suggest bovine TB, necropsy, culture, and speciation is done to confirm bovine TB. Bovine TB has been tested for in Bovidae by skin testing and more recently by in vitro blood-based interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRA) or other biomarkers ( 14 – 19 ). These tests although useful, are limited owing to the need for blood transport to accredited laboratories under time and temperature constraints, as well as the need for a reasonably well-equipped laboratory.…”

Section: Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

TB Control in Humans and Animals in South Africa: A Perspective on Problems and Successes

2018

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) remains one of the most globally serious infectious agents for human morbidity and mortality, but with significant differences in prevalence across the globe. In many countries, the incidence is now low and declining, but control and eradication remain a distant view. Similarly, the prevalence of bovine TB caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), varies significantly across regions, although unlike for M. tuberculosis, data are sparse. The reduction in incidence and prevalence and control of both human and bovine TB is difficult and costly, yet some countries have managed to do this with some success. This perspective will consider some of the critical control steps we now know to be important for the control of TB from M. tuberculosis in humans living in South Africa, where the incidence of TB is the highest currently experienced. Despite the high incidence of human TB, South Africa has been able to reduce this incidence remarkably in the past few years, despite limited resources and high HIV prevalence. We draw from our experience to ascertain whether we may learn useful lessons from control efforts for both diseases in order to suggest effective control measures for bovine TB.

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Detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in African buffaloes ( Syncerus caffer ) using QuantiFERON ® -TB Gold (QFT) tubes and the Qiagen cattletype ® IFN-gamma ELISA

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria

Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria

Cell-Mediated Immunological Biomarkers and Their Diagnostic Application in Livestock and Wildlife Infected With Mycobacterium bovis

TB Control in Humans and Animals in South Africa: A Perspective on Problems and Successes

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