“…Due to its manageability, easy capture, high time resolution and relative cost effectiveness, the EEG signal has been widely adopted for substantial BCI applications, such as remote quadcopter control (Lin and Jiang, 2015 ), motion rehabilitation (Xu et al, 2011 ; Zhao et al, 2016 ), biometric authentication (Palaniappan, 2008 ), and emotions prediction (Padilla-Buritica et al, 2016 ). Currently, the electrophysiological brain patterns used in EEG-based BCI systems are mainly Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) (Chen et al, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ; Zhao et al, 2016 ; Nakanishi et al, 2018 ), P300 (Cavrini et al, 2016 ), sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs) (Yuan and He, 2014 ; He et al, 2015 ), and motion-related cortical potential (MRCP, one kind of a slow cortical potential) (Karimi et al, 2017 ). Compared to other patterns, the SMRs-based BCI is more flexible and suitable for practical applications due to the spontaneous EEG signals, which are generated by individuals voluntarily without any external stimuli.…”