Detection of Mixed Infection of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses in Chickens in Indonesia by Immunopathologic Immunohistochemistry Double Staining

Wasito, R.

doi:10.29261/pakvetj/2018.078

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the present study, the lungs appeared swollen and opaque and had severe, diffuse, spotted and linear congestion, and hemorrhages. It was reported that AIV infections in chickens are characterized by lesions in the lungs as observed in the present study [23,25]. Chickens infected with AIV also show significant hemorrhagic lesions [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Immunopathological immunohistochemical study of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 infection in lovebirds (Agapornis spp.) in Indonesia

2019

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Background and Aim:To date, persistent infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 (LPAI H5N1) in chickens is widespread in Indonesia. Commercially available ornamental birds on markets play an important role in triggering the occurrence of AIV outbreaks. Thus, the presence of AIV in ornamental birds such as lovebirds needs to be closely monitored. Here, the presence of LPAI H5N1 was investigated in lovebirds with no clinical signs that, although apparently healthy, can be a continuous source of AIV transmission to other sensitive birds such as chickens and even humans.Materials and Methods:In the present study, 30 lovebirds were necropsied. The immunopathology of the lungs, which had hemorrhages, was immunohistochemically studied using the streptavidin-biotin (SB) method to stain for LPAI H5N1. Polyclonal antibodies against the nucleoprotein or monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinin of the AIV subtype H5N1 were used to identify these antigens in lung tissue samples.Results:LPAI H5N1 was detected in the lungs of all lovebirds according to the brownish colored deposits in the histological samples. The highest intensity of the SB staining was found in the lumina of vascular capillaries and the cell membranes of air capillaries. The discovery of LPAI H5N1 in lovebirds increases the environmental health risk and raises the possibility of exposure to AIV. Thus, it is very important to improve the mechanisms that control the traffic of ornamental birds between regions and islands, as well as the AIV vaccination strategies related to the prevention, control, and eradication of AIV in Indonesia, and these procedures should be reevaluated.Conclusion:The present study proves that lovebirds are infected with LPAI subtype H5N1. Even if ornamental birds such as lovebirds do not show any clinical signs, they are likely to be a persistently infected with LPAI H5N1. Therefore, ornamental birds might be a continuous source of LPAI H5N1 infections in other sensitive birds, including poultry, and may also be responsible for virus transmission to humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In the present study, we describe an immunopathological approach based on immunohistochemistry to detect AIV infections. We suggest that this biotechnological method fulfills the aforementioned criteria and should be applied to control and reduced zoonotic risks, such as bird flu pandemics in Indonesia [21-25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathological immunohistochemical study of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 infection in lovebirds (Agapornis spp.) in Indonesia

2019

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“…Oleh karena itu, penurunan kejadian AI pada manusia perlu difokuskan pada pencegahan dan kontrol infeksi unggas serta perlunya strategi pengendalian pada unggas untuk mencegah penyebaran virus dan menyebabkan wabah terutama di negara-negara berkembang (Dharmayanti et al, 2005;Chon et al, 2008;Zeynalova et al, 2015 potong setara dengan 10 copy/µl (Payungporn et al, 2006 (Capua et al, 2003;Tarigan, 2015 (Kumar et al, 2003). P e n e g u h a n d i a g n o s i s i n f e k s i VA I berdasarkan gejala klinis pada unggas yang mengalami penurunan produksi seringkali terjadi proporsi diagnosis positif dan negatif palsu, karena memiliki kemiripan dengan penyakit unggas yang lainnya, seperti Newcastle disease (ND) (Wasito et al, 2018). (Wasito et al, 2014;Wasito et al, 2018).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…P e n e g u h a n d i a g n o s i s i n f e k s i VA I berdasarkan gejala klinis pada unggas yang mengalami penurunan produksi seringkali terjadi proporsi diagnosis positif dan negatif palsu, karena memiliki kemiripan dengan penyakit unggas yang lainnya, seperti Newcastle disease (ND) (Wasito et al, 2018). (Wasito et al, 2014;Wasito et al, 2018). Namun, untuk wilayah atau laboratorium yang mempunyai keterbatasan sarana infrastruktural modern, pemeriksaan lesi patologis anatomis dan histopatologis tersebut akan sangat membantu peneguhan diagnosa VAI, karena uji tersebut relatif cepat dan biaya terjangkau (Webster & Hulse, 2004).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Peneguhan diagnosis Avian Influenza pada Ayam Petelur yang Mengalami Gejala Penurunan Produksi

Isnawati

Wuryastuti²,

Wasito³

2019

Jurnal Sain Veteriner

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Decreasing egg production is an initial symptom of various diseases that infect commercial layer chickens. Diagnosis of diseases causing the decrease in egg production without high mortality rate is often thought to be caused by other poultry diseases because of the many similarities in manifestation between one disease and another. Avian influenza is a zoonotic infectious disease in poultry that can lead to high economic losses. This study aims to determine the contribution of avian influenza virus (AIV) infection to commercial laying hens showing symptoms of decreased production. The samples were oropharyngeal swabs of commercial laying hens which had symptoms of decreased production at productive age. Laboratory tests were carried out by histopathological examination, detection and identification of AIV with real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and isolation with the viral culture technique on fertile chicken eggs. The results showed that there was type A AIV infection based on the qRT-PCR (matrix) test, but the subtypes were not identified (H5, H7, H9). The results of the isolation of the virus in the fertile chicken eggs showed embryonic death in which all embryonic organs show hemorrhages. Allantoic fluid does not agglutinate chicken red blood cells. Histopathological features of the pathognomonic lesions in lungs infected with AIV were severe congestion and hemorrhages. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there was a contribution of type A AIV infection. Early diagnosis of AIV could determine more appropriate actions, including control, prevention and eradication.

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“…Sometimes the clinical signs of avian influenza may be difficult to differentiate from other endemic diseases of poultry (Swayne, 2007;Wasito et al, 2018). Numerous studies show that the occurrence of new cases increased as compare to the past.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 in backyard poultry of Peshawar Pakistan

Rehman

Khan

Rantam³

et al. 2021

J. Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric.

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The current study was conducted to estimate the serological prevalence and risk factors associated with the transmission of avian influenza subtype H9N2 among backyard poultry from different villages of semi-arid climate district Peshawar Pakistan between January to May 2019. In total, 240 blood samples of healthy backyard poultry older than two months were collected from 30 different villages of district Peshawar. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect the data related to risk factors. Se-rum samples were tested through the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test further confirmed by the micro-neutralizing test (MN). Antibody body titer ≤ 8 considered negative for prevalence of H9N2. In order to classify risk factors, Chi-square and Logistic regression analyses were performed. Out of 240, 150 were found to be positive. The overall seroprevalence was 62.5%, mean antibody titer for avian influenza virus in all villages was 6.8 and (95%) confidence interval ranges from 35.33 to 51.70% re-spectively. The high prevalence of antibodies to avian influenza viruses in bird serum emphasizes that avian influenza plays an important role in the respiratory infections of backyard chickens in the area, and possibly throughout Pakistan. In order to avoid the introduction of H9N2, biosecurity initiatives, surveillance, monitoring systems, and to some extent, vaccinations are useful tools.

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Detection of Mixed Infection of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses in Chickens in Indonesia by Immunopathologic Immunohistochemistry Double Staining

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Immunopathological immunohistochemical study of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 infection in lovebirds (Agapornis spp.) in Indonesia

Immunopathological immunohistochemical study of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 infection in lovebirds (Agapornis spp.) in Indonesia

Peneguhan diagnosis Avian Influenza pada Ayam Petelur yang Mengalami Gejala Penurunan Produksi

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 in backyard poultry of Peshawar Pakistan

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