Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar‐slavic population from the eigth–ninth century AD

Šebest, Lukáš; Baldovič, Marián; Frtús, Adam; Bognár, Csaba; Kyselicová, Klaudia; Kádaši, Ľudevít; Beňuš, Radoslav

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23380

Cited by 12 publications

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References 114 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…Comparing this early Avar period elite with later datasets from the Carpathian Basin, only a few connections are observable. The mixed population of the Avar Qaganate dated to the 8th-9th centuries 14 does not show affinities to the studied group.…”

Section: Comparative Analyses Of the Ancient Dataset The Elite Groupmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Their maternal gene pool showed predominantly Southern-and Eastern-European composition, with Asian elements presenting only 15.3% of the variation. Another recent study of a mixed population of the Avar Qaganate from the 8th-9th centuries from present-day Slovakia showed a miscellaneous Eurasian mtDNA character too, with a lower frequency (6.52%) of East Eurasian elements 14 .…”

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confidence: 92%

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Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin

Csáky

Gerber

Koncz

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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After 568 AD the Avars settled in the Carpathian Basin and founded the Avar Qaganate that was an important power in Central Europe until the 9th century. Part of the Avar society was probably of Asian origin; however, the localisation of their homeland is hampered by the scarcity of historical and archaeological data. Here, we study mitogenome and Y chromosomal variability of twenty-six individuals, a number of them representing a well-characterised elite group buried at the centre of the Carpathian Basin more than a century after the Avar conquest. The studied group has maternal and paternal genetic affinities to several ancient and modern East-Central Asian populations. The majority of the mitochondrial DNA variability represents Asian haplogroups (C, D, F, M, R, Y and Z). The Y-STR variability of the analysed elite males belongs only to five lineages, three N-Tat with mostly Asian parallels and two Q haplotypes. The homogeneity of the Y chromosomes reveals paternal kinship as a cohesive force in the organisation of the Avar elite strata on both social and territorial level. Our results indicate that the Avar elite arrived in the Carpathian Basin as a group of families, and remained mostly endogamous for several generations after the conquest. The Carpathian Basin in East-Central Europe is generally regarded as the westernmost point of the Eurasian steppe, and as such, its history was often influenced by the movements of nomadic people of eastern origin. After 568 AD, the Avars settled in the Carpathian Basin and founded their empire which was a powerful player in the geopolitical arena of Central and Eastern Europe for a quarter of a millennium 1,2. The hypothesis of the Asian origin of the Avars appeared as early as the 18th century. Since then various research approaches emerged indicating different regions as their home of origin: i.e. Central or East-Central Asia (see SI chapter 1b for explanation of this geographic term). This debate remained unresolved, however a rising number of evidences points towards the latter one 1,2. The history of the Avars is known from external, mainly Byzantine written accounts of diplomatic and historical character focusing on certain events and important people for the Byzantine Empire. As an example, the description of a Byzantine diplomatic mission in 569-570 AD visiting the Western Turkic Qaganate in Central Asia, claimed that their ruler complained about the escape of his subjects, the Avars 2-4. The linguistic data concerning the Avars are limited to a handful of personal names and titles (Qagan, Bayan, Yugurrus, Tarkhan, etc.) mostly of East-Central Asian origin, known from the same Byzantine written accounts.

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Section: Comparative Analyses Of the Ancient Dataset The Elite Groupmentioning

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin

Csáky

Gerber

Koncz

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Comparing the Avar elite with later period datasets from the Carpathian Basin, only a few connections are observable. The mixed Avar-Slavic population from the 8 th -9 th centuries 21 does not show affinities to the Avar elite. The T1a1b phylogenetic tree contains one individual from the Hungarian conquest period (sample Karos III/14 in Neparáczki et al 43 ) with identical sequence to the Avar HC9, which might indicate the genetic continuity of certain maternal lineages between the 7 th and 9 th -10 th centuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Another recent study of a mixed Avar-Slavic population from the 8 th -9 th centuries from present-day Slovakia showed a mixed Eurasian character too, with a lower frequency (6.52%) of Asian (East Eurasian) elements 21 . Šebest et al explained the rather European mtDNA composition with high assimilation rate in the investigated population, where the majority of marriages took place between Avar men and Slavic women 21 .…”

Section: Background Of the Bioarchaeological Researchmentioning

confidence: 90%

Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7^thcentury AD Carpathian Basin

Csáky

Gerber

Koncz

et al. 2018

Preprint

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28After 568 AD the Avars settled in the Carpathian Basin and founded the Avar Qaganate that 29 was an important power in Central Europe until the 9 th century. Part of the Avar society was 30 probably of Asian origin, however the localisation of their homeland is hampered by the 31 scarcity of historical and archaeological data. 33Here, we study mitogenome and Y chromosomal STR variability of twenty-six individuals, a 34 number of them representing a well-characterised elite group buried at the centre of the 35 Carpathian Basin more than a century after the Avar conquest. 36The studied group has maternal and paternal genetic affinities to several ancient and modern 37 East-Central Asian populations. The majority of the mitochondrial DNA variability represents 38 Asian haplogroups (C, D, F, M, R, Y and Z). The Y-STR variability of the analysed elite males 39 belongs only to five lineages, three N-Tat with mostly Asian parallels and two Q haplotypes.40 The homogeneity of the Y chromosomes reveals paternal kinship as a cohesive force in the 41 organisation of the Avar elite strata on both social and territorial level. Our results indicate that 42 the Avar elite arrived in the Carpathian Basin as a group of families, and remained mostly 43 endogamous for several generations after the conquest.44

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“…khagan) and institutions recognized to be derived from Inner Asian Rourans. From the Avar period only a few mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data are available from two micro-regions, 3,4 which showed 15.3% and 6.52% frequency of East Eurasian elements. A recent manuscript described 23 mitogenomes from the 7 th -8 th century Avar elite group 5 and found that 64% of the lineages belong to East Asian haplogroups (C, D, F, M, R, Y and Z) with affinities to ancient and modern Inner Asian populations corroborating their Rouran origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin

Neparáczki

Maróti²,

Kalmár³

et al. 2019

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Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian nomadic groups arrived into the Carpathian Basin from the Eurasian Steppes and significantly influenced its political and ethnical landscape. In order to shed light on the genetic affinity of above groups we have determined Y chromosomal haplogroups and autosomal loci, from 49 individuals, supposed to represent military leaders. Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns. Most of the Avar-age individuals carry east Eurasian Y haplogroups typical for modern north-eastern Siberian and Buryat populations and their autosomal loci indicate mostly unmixed Asian characteristics. In contrast the conquering Hungarians seem to be a recently assembled population incorporating pure European, Asian and admixed components. Their heterogeneous paternal and maternal lineages indicate similar phylogeographic origin of males and females, derived from Central-Inner Asian and European Pontic Steppe sources. Composition of conquering Hungarian paternal lineages is very similar to that of Baskhirs, supporting historical sources that report identity of the two groups.

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Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar‐slavic population from the eigth–ninth century AD

Abstract: Our results indicate that the transfer of Avar genetic variation through their mtDNA was rather weak in the analyzed mixed population.

Cited by 12 publications

References 114 publications

Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin

Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin

Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7^thcentury AD Carpathian Basin

Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin

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Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar‐slavic population from the eigth–ninth century AD

Abstract: Our results indicate that the transfer of Avar genetic variation through their mtDNA was rather weak in the analyzed mixed population.

Cited by 12 publications

References 114 publications

Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin

Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin

Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7thcentury AD Carpathian Basin

Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin

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Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7^thcentury AD Carpathian Basin