Detection of microorganisms in exhaled breath condensate during acute exacerbations of COPD

Zakharkina, Tetyana; Koczulla, AR; Mardanova, Olga; Hattesohl, Akira; Bals, Robert

doi:10.1055/s-0029-1247963

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In addition, EBC has been used for rapid detection of microbial DNA and RNA to demonstrate bacterial and viral lung infections [ 180 ] and in infective exacerbations of COPD [ 181 ]. However, results have been disappointing for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in patients with tuberculosis [ 182 , 183 ] as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia from patients with cystic fibrosis [ 184 ].…”

Section: Exhaled Breath Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaled breath condensate: a comprehensive update

Ahmadzai

Huang²,

Hettiarachchi³

et al. 2013

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Since the late 1990s, a surge in interest in the analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) resulted in the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) organising a Task Force in 2001 to develop guidelines on EBC collection and measurement of biomarkers. This Task Force published their guidelines in 2005 based on literature and expert opinions at that time, and multiple shortcomings and knowledge deficits were also identified. The clinical application of EBC collection and its biomarkers are currently still limited by several of these knowledge gaps, hence further guidelines for standardisation are required to ensure external validity. Using related articles produced since the publication of the ATS/ERS Task Force report, this paper attempts to provide a comprehensive update to the original guideline and review the methodological shortcomings identified. This review can hopefully serve as a yardstick for future studies involving this emerging clinical tool.

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Section: Exhaled Breath Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaled breath condensate: a comprehensive update

Ahmadzai

Huang²,

Hettiarachchi³

et al. 2013

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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“…Risby (2008) concluded that compounds found in breath need a sufficient vapor pressure to be released, albeit without making any quantitative statements (Risby & Solga, 2006). Other authors such as Effros or Dwyer (Effros et al, 2003;Dwyer, 2004;Corradi et al, 2009;Grossherr et al, 2009a;Johnson & Morawska, 2009;Holmgren et al, 2011;Zakharkina et al, 2011) show that aerosols are formed during exhalation. It has been shown by several authors (Griese et al, 2002;Effros et al, 2003;Garey et al, 2004;Soyer et al, 2006;Larsson et al, 2012) that even inorganic ions and proteins are exhaled.…”

Section: B Origin Of Exhaled Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time monitoring of exhaled drugs by mass spectrometry

Berchtold

Bosilkovska

Daali

et al. 2013

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Future individualized patient treatment will need tools to monitor the dose and effects of administrated drugs. Mass spectrometry may become the method of choice to monitor drugs in real time by analyzing exhaled breath. This review describes the monitoring of exhaled drugs in real time by mass spectrometry. The biological background as well as the relevant physical properties of exhaled drugs are delineated. The feasibility of detecting and monitoring exhaled drugs is discussed in several examples. The mass spectrometric tools that are currently available to analyze breath in real time are reviewed. The technical needs and state of the art for on-site measurements by mass spectrometry are also discussed in detail. Off-line methods, which give support and are an important source of information for real-time measurements, are also discussed. Finally, some examples of drugs that have already been successfully detected in exhaled breath, including propofol, fentanyl, methadone, nicotine, and valproic acid are presented. Real-time monitoring of exhaled drugs by mass spectrometry is a relatively new field, which is still in the early stages of development. New technologies promise substantial benefit for future patient monitoring and treatment.

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“…In another study, foot-and-mouth disease viruses were also found in the exhaled air from experimentally infected cattle [25]. In addition, high levels of bacterial concentrations in EBC were also observed in other studies [26][27][28][29]. It was recently shown that exhaled breath could be also analyzed for fungal infection by relevant biomarker, e.g., 2-Pentyl furan (2PF) for aspergillosis [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Molecular and Microscopic Analysis of Bacteria and Viruses in Exhaled Breath Collected Using a Simple Impaction and Condensing Method

Shen

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is increasingly being used as a non-invasive method for disease diagnosis and environmental exposure assessment. By using hydrophobic surface, ice, and droplet scavenging, a simple impaction and condensing based collection method is reported here. Human subjects were recruited to exhale toward the device for 1, 2, 3, and 4 min. The exhaled breath quickly formed into tiny droplets on the hydrophobic surface, which were subsequently scavenged into a 10 µL rolling deionized water droplet. The collected EBC was further analyzed using culturing, DNA stain, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and colorimetry (VITEK 2) for bacteria and viruses.Experimental data revealed that bacteria and viruses in EBC can be rapidly collected using the method developed here, with an observed efficiency of 100 µL EBC within 1 min. Culturing, DNA stain, SEM, and qPCR methods all detected high bacterial concentrations up to 7000 CFU/m3 in exhaled breath, including both viable and dead cells of various types. Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Kocuria variants were found dominant in EBC samples using VITEK 2 system. SEM images revealed that most bacteria in exhaled breath are detected in the size range of 0.5–1.0 µm, which is able to enable them to remain airborne for a longer time, thus presenting a risk for airborne transmission of potential diseases. Using qPCR, influenza A H3N2 viruses were also detected in one EBC sample. Different from other devices restricted solely to condensation, the developed method can be easily achieved both by impaction and condensation in a laboratory and could impact current practice of EBC collection. Nonetheless, the reported work is a proof-of-concept demonstration, and its performance in non-invasive disease diagnosis such as bacterimia and virus infections needs to be further validated including effects of its influencing matrix.

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Detection of microorganisms in exhaled breath condensate during acute exacerbations of COPD

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Exhaled breath condensate: a comprehensive update

Exhaled breath condensate: a comprehensive update

Real‐time monitoring of exhaled drugs by mass spectrometry

Molecular and Microscopic Analysis of Bacteria and Viruses in Exhaled Breath Collected Using a Simple Impaction and Condensing Method

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