Detection of microorganisms in exhaled breath condensate during acute exacerbations of COPD

Zakharkina, Tetyana; Koczulla, AR; Mardanova, Olga; Hattesohl, Akira; Bals, Robert

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01977.x

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the context of ECOPD, detection rates of some of the sampled biomarkers, notably cytokines, have been particularly low [23,24] whereas for inflammatory mediators of a peptide nature, better detection rates have been achieved with albumin-coated sampling devices [23]. Studies comparing EBC, sputum or BAL in the context of ECOPD are scarce [24-26]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary biomarkers in COPD exacerbations: a systematic review

Koutsokera¹,

Κostikas²,

Nicod³

et al. 2013

Respir Res

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Exacerbations of COPD (ECOPD) represent a major burden for patients and health care systems. Innovative sampling techniques have led to the identification of several pulmonary biomarkers. Although some molecules are promising, their usefulness in clinical practice is not yet established. Medline and Highwire databases were used to identify studies evaluating pulmonary sampled biomarkers in ECOPD. We combined 3 terms for ECOPD, 3 for biomarkers and 6 for the sampling method. Seventy-nine studies were considered eligible for inclusion in the review and were analyzed further. Pulmonary biomarkers sampled with non-invasive, semi-invasive and invasive methods were evaluated for their potential to illustrate the disease’s clinical course, to correlate to clinical variables and to predict clinical outcomes, ECOPD etiology and response to treatment. According to published data several pulmonary biomarkers assessed in ECOPD have the potential to illustrate the natural history of disease through the modification of their levels. Among the clinically relevant molecules, those that have been studied the most and appear to be promising are spontaneous and induced sputum biomarkers for reflecting clinical severity and symptomatic recovery, as well as for directing towards an etiological diagnosis. Current evidence on the clinical usefulness of exhaled breath condensate and bronchoalveolar lavage biomarkers in ECOPD is limited. In conclusion, pulmonary biomarkers have the potential to provide information on the mechanisms underlying ECOPD, and several correlate with clinical variables and outcomes. However, on the basis of published evidence, no single molecule is adequately validated for wide clinical use. Clinical trials that incorporate biomarkers in decisional algorithms are required.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary biomarkers in COPD exacerbations: a systematic review

Koutsokera¹,

Κostikas²,

Nicod³

et al. 2013

Respir Res

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“…A study comparing EBC and sputum samples from asthma patients showed a 100% overlap in the culturable fungi identified between the two sample types (5), and a study examining the bacterial pathogens cultured from BAL and EBC samples in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia showed a high concordance between the two sampling methods (16). In comparison, when PCR assays for 10 common respiratory pathogens were performed on EBC and sputum samples from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, the results were found not to correlate well (17). EBC collection has also previously been found to be inefficient for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (18), influenza viruses (19), and the common cystic fibrosis pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota in Exhaled Breath Condensate and the Lung

Glendinning

Wright

Tennant

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The lung microbiota is commonly sampled using relatively invasive bronchoscopic procedures. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection potentially offers a less invasive alternative for lung microbiota sampling. We compared lung microbiota samples retrieved by protected specimen brushings (PSB) and exhaled breath condensate collection. We also sought to assess whether aerosolized antibiotic treatment would influence the lung microbiota and whether this change could be detected in EBC. EBC was collected from 6 conscious sheep and then from the same anesthetized sheep during mechanical ventilation. Following the latter EBC collection, PSB samples were collected from separate sites within each sheep lung. On the subsequent day, each sheep was then treated with nebulized colistimethate sodium. Two days after nebulization, EBC and PSB samples were again collected. Bacterial DNA was quantified using 16S rRNA gene quantitative PCR. The V2-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Quality control and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) clustering were performed with mothur. The EBC samples contained significantly less bacterial DNA than the PSB samples. The EBC samples from anesthetized animals clustered separately by their bacterial community compositions in comparison to the PSB samples, and 37 bacterial OTUs were identified as differentially abundant between the two sample types. Despite only low concentrations of colistin being detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, PSB samples were found to differ by their bacterial compositions before and after colistimethate sodium treatment. Our findings indicate that microbiota in EBC samples and PSB samples are not equivalent.IMPORTANCE Sampling of the lung microbiota usually necessitates performing bronchoscopic procedures that involve a hospital visit for human participants and the use of trained staff. The inconvenience and perceived discomfort of participating in this kind of research may deter healthy volunteers and may not be a safe option for patients with advanced lung disease. This study set out to evaluate a less invasive method for collecting lung microbiota samples by comparing samples taken via protected specimen brushings (PSB) to those taken via exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection. We found that there was less bacterial DNA in EBC samples compared with that in PSB samples and that there were differences between the bacterial communities in the two sample types. We conclude that while EBC and PSB samples do not produce equivalent microbiota samples, the study of the EBC microbiota may still be of interest.

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“…Microbiological studies in COPD have been limited to the detection of specific respiratory pathogens such as P. aeruginosa , M. catarrhalis, and H. influenza [6], [7] by means of cultural methods or pathogen-specific PCR. The application of culture independent methods to detect the presence of microorganisms has been introduced to characterize the microbiome of various organs [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Airway Microbiota of Healthy Individuals and Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by T-RFLP and Clone Sequencing

et al. 2013

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, inflammatory lung disease that affects a large number of patients and has significant impact. One hallmark of the disease is the presence of bacteria in the lower airways. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the detailed structure of microbial communities found in the lungs of healthy individuals and patients with COPD. Nine COPD patients as compared and 9 healthy individuals underwent flexible bronchoscopy and BAL was performed. Bacterial nucleic acids were subjected to terminal restriction fragment (TRF) length polymorphism and clone library analysis. Overall, we identified 326 T-RFLP band, 159 in patients and 167 in healthy controls. The results of the TRF analysis correlated partly with the data obtained from clone sequencing. Although the results of the sequencing showed high diversity, the genera Prevotella, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Fusobacterium, Megasphaera, Veillonella, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus constituted the major part of the core microbiome found in both groups. A TRF band possibly representing Pseudomonas sp. monoinfection was associated with a reduction of the microbial diversity. Non-cultural methods reveal the complexity of the pulmonary microbiome in healthy individuals and in patients with COPD. Alterations of the microbiome in pulmonary diseases are correlated with disease.

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Detection of microorganisms in exhaled breath condensate during acute exacerbations of COPD

Abstract: Bacterial nucleic acids can be identified in EBC of COPD patients with exacerbations. The results obtained from EBC and sputum did not correlate well.

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Pulmonary biomarkers in COPD exacerbations: a systematic review

Pulmonary biomarkers in COPD exacerbations: a systematic review

Microbiota in Exhaled Breath Condensate and the Lung

Analysis of the Airway Microbiota of Healthy Individuals and Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by T-RFLP and Clone Sequencing

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