Detection of metabolites of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine specimens: 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD, a prevalent metabolite of LSD

Pöch, G; Klette, Kevin L.; Hallare, Domingo A.; Manglicmot, Marilyn G.; Czarny, Robert J.; McWhorter, Lisa K.; Anderson, Cynthia J.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00574-x

Cited by 43 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In case 2, LSD and O-H-LSD concentrations were determined at 2.70 and 25.2 ng/ml, respectively. It has been reported that O-H-LSD is present in urine at higher concentrations for a longer time than LSD [7,8]. In this study, the detected concentration of O-H-LSD was about 9 times higher than that of LSD in both cases.…”

Section: Application Of the Developed Methods To Authentic Samplessupporting

confidence: 39%

“…Generally, the longer window of detection and higher concentration of drugs and their metabolites compared with blood make urine the preferred matrix to prove drug abuse. Approximately 1% of the parent drug is excreted in urine, while 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD), the main metabolite of LSD, is present in urine at a higher concentration and for a longer time than LSD [7,8]. According to a study by Peel and Boynton, LSD and its metabolites were detectable in urine samples from patients receiving 300 g of LSD for 34-120 h [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous determination of LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD in hair and urine by LC–MS/MS and its application to forensic cases

Jang

Kim

Han

et al. 2015

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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Section: Application Of the Developed Methods To Authentic Samplessupporting

confidence: 39%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD in hair and urine by LC–MS/MS and its application to forensic cases

Jang

Kim

Han

et al. 2015

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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“…In LC/MS methanol has a tendency to cause higher back pressures and decreased sensitivity in comparison with acetonitrile (Oda et al, 1995) and the latter is usually preferred whenever it can provide the desired selectivity. Sometimes to improve peak shape of basic drugs, a small amount of triethylamine is added (Iwasa et al, 1999;Kawabata et al, 1998;Poch et al, 1999), however, modern base deactivated columns should overcome this problem.…”

Section: Lc Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the study of the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics

Oliveira

Watson

2000

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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The application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to the study of metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics is reviewed. Original research papers covering the period from 1998 to early 2000 and concerning the use of LC/MS in the study of xenobiotic metabolism in humans and other mammalian species are reviewed. LC/MS interfaces, sample preparation steps, column types, mobile phases and additives, and the type of metabolites detected are summarized and discussed in an attempt to identify the current and future trends in the use of LC/MS for metabolism studies. Applications are listed according to the parent xenobiotic type and include substances used in therapeutics, drug candidates, compounds being evaluated in clinical trials, environmental pollutants, adulterants and naturally occurring substances.

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“…[43] Lysergic compounds Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a highly potent hallucinogen and a well-known drug of abuse (Table 5). [44] The typical dose used by an abuser ranges from 25 to 150 mg, with doses above 20 mg necessary to produce psychotropic effects. [44] LSD is extensively metabolised in humans (unchanged LSD represents ,1 % of the ingested dose) [44] ; its main urinary metabolite is 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-lysergic acid diethylamide (OH-LSD) ( Table 5).…”

Section: Chemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[44] The typical dose used by an abuser ranges from 25 to 150 mg, with doses above 20 mg necessary to produce psychotropic effects. [44] LSD is extensively metabolised in humans (unchanged LSD represents ,1 % of the ingested dose) [44] ; its main urinary metabolite is 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-lysergic acid diethylamide (OH-LSD) ( Table 5). [45] Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines are the most frequently prescribed drugs (all drugs including psychoactive), and are widely used as tranquilisers, hypnotics, anaesthetics, anticonvulsants or muscle relaxants.…”

Section: Chemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychiatric pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater treatment plants: a review

Asimakopoulos

Kannan

2016

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental context. Neuropsychiatric pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewaters are of increasing environmental concern. We compile the recent literature and evaluate the concentrations and profiles of various drugs and their removal efficiencies in wastewater treatment plants. The sewage epidemiology approach, used in the estimation of drug usage in communities, is discussed, and we make recommendations for future research in this area.Abstract. Neuropsychiatric pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs encompass a broad range of compounds including opioids, amphetamine-type stimulants, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antipsychotics, anaesthetics, anti-epileptics and mood stabilisers, lysergic compounds, sympathomimetic amines and cocaine derivatives. In this article, we review studies on the occurrence and fate of these drugs in wastewater treatment plants. In general, among various drugs studied, the concentrations and detection frequencies of opioids and cocaine derivatives were the highest in wastewaters. The forensic analysis of wastewaters suggests that cocaine and opioids usage has increased. Given the fact that data on drug usage can be used for making regulatory decisions and policies, this review focuses on understanding the sources and environmental dynamics of neuropsychiatric and illicit drugs. There is a pressing need for more research on the magnitude and extent of illicit drug consumption. The 'sewage epidemiology' approach, currently applied in the estimation of illicit drug consumption in communities, is reviewed. The field of wastewater research has been advancing in multipronged paths, incorporating concepts in analytical chemistry, organic chemistry, environmental chemistry, biochemistry, sewage engineering, drug epidemiology and statistics. Future prospects with regard to the occurrence and environmental fate of illicit and psychoactive drugs are recommended.

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Detection of metabolites of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine specimens: 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD, a prevalent metabolite of LSD

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Simultaneous determination of LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD in hair and urine by LC–MS/MS and its application to forensic cases

Simultaneous determination of LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD in hair and urine by LC–MS/MS and its application to forensic cases

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the study of the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics

Neuropsychiatric pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater treatment plants: a review

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